油茶芽苗砧嫁接育苗关键技术

Grafting plantlet raising technique by nurse-seed-grafting of Camellia oleifera

在油茶芽苗砧嫁接过程中,对砧木品种、嫁接时间、穗条叶片保留数量、穗条采摘部位和穗条新鲜程度5个试验进行分析,结果表明,不同处理对小苗嫁接的成活率、抽梢长度和抽梢粗度有一定影响。中果油茶种子做砧木嫁接成活率最高,为79.9%,不同砧木品种对嫁接成活率影响差异不明显,大果油茶种子砧木嫁接成活后90 d抽梢长度和粗度最大,分别为13.4 cm,3.6 mm。嫁接时间为5月15日的成活率、抽梢长度、抽梢粗度最高,分别为90.0%,12.7 cm和3.2 mm,嫁接时间越晚,成活率越低。穗条叶片保留面大小对成活率及生长因素影响不大。采用母树上部穗条,嫁接成活率、抽梢长度、抽梢粗度与中下部相比差异极显著,分别为91.1%,13.3 cm和3.3 mm。当天采摘即用于嫁接的穗条,嫁接成活率、抽梢长度、抽梢粗度分别为92.2%,14.5 cm,3.2 mm,显著高于保存了3d再用于嫁接的穗条,穗条存放时间越短,嫁接成活率越高。

During the process of nurse-seed-grafted grafting plantlet of Camellia oleifera, the root stock varieties, grafting time, number of leaf retention, picking parts and scion freshness were studied. The results showed that different treatments influenced on grafting survival rate, sprout length and sprout coarseness at a certain extent. The survival rate of grafting was the highest with 79.9% , when the seedlings from medium fruit C. oleifera were used as root stock. Whereas, the difference of the survival rate of grafting was not obvious among different root stock varieties. The sprout length and sprout coarseness were the largest with 13.4 cm and 3.6 mm grafted 90 days later respectively,when big fruit C. oleifera seeds were used as root stock. The survival rate, sprout length and coarseness were the highest with 90.0%, 12.7 cm and 3.2 mm respectivelywhen grafting time was in May 15, thus the later grafting time was, the lower the survival rate was. The leaf retention surface size didn＇t influence significantly on the survival rate and growth. Upper scions of the mother tree presentedthe extremely significant difference on grafting survival rate, sprout length and sprout coarseness comparing with middle and lower scions with 91.1%, 13.3 cm and 3.3 mm respectively. The survival rate, sprout length and sprout coarseness as picking scions and grafting on same day were significantly higher than that as scions saved for three days for grafting with 92.2%, 14.5 cm, 3.2 mm respectively, thus the shorter scions storage time was, the higher grafting survival rate was.