论公共服务逆民营化:缘起、本质与发展趋势

On theReversed Privatization ofPublicServices:Origin,Essenceand Trends

20世纪70年代末80代年初,滥觞于西方发达国家的公共服务民营化改革实践取得了卓越的成就,并在短时间内风靡全球。但由于公共服务民营化实施存在诸多困难,且部分公共服务民营化并未达到有效降低成本、提高服务质量及效率等预期目标,导致民营化方式遭受广泛的质疑,各国政府纷纷收回外包,逆民营化浪潮成为公共服务民营化的新趋势。逆民营化并非预示着民营化的失败,也不能完全取代民营化,两者理应是实现公共服务高效供给目标过程中的两种手段,两者的此消彼长是公共服务供给模式改革实践中良性的动态平衡过程。

Reform practice of public services privatization which begin at the late 1970 s and early 1980 s and originated in western developed countries have made remarkable achievements and swept the globe in a short time. But because there are many difficulties in the implementation of the privatization of public services, and privatization of some public services did not reach effectively reduce costs,improve quality of service and efficiency targets, leading the way privatization suffered widely questioned. Governments have recovered outsourcing, and reverse privatization wave become the new trend of privatization of public services. Reverse privatization don＇t indicates the failure of privatization and privatization can not be completely replaced. Reverse privatization and privatization are two means which should be efficient supply of public services to achieve the target. The shift is dynamic process in the supply of public services reform practice.