论《尼各马可伦理学》中的真与善——兼论一种本体论的伦理学

On the True and the Good in Nicomachean Ethics——A Discussion on Ontological Ethics

人的功能性,是亚里士多德伦理学体系中的论证主线。这条主线贯穿着幸福、德性、善等重要原则的论证,由此其伦理学可称为本体论伦理学。本体论伦理学一直面临着事实和价值无法统一的困境。但亚里士多德对善的定义不仅是价值性的,而且还包含着事实性的意义,最终善作为终极目的,不仅代表一种价值取向,也同样出于人的卓越的自然性目的,这使他的伦理学具有较完整的体系。

The functionality of human beings remains a main argument in Aristotle’s ethics system,which runs through his demonstration of such important principles of good people as happiness,virtue,human kindness,etc. So it’s called ontological ethics,but this pattern may face the dilemma that “being”and “ought to”can not be u-nified.Aristotle’s definition of the good is not only in the sense of value,but also contains a factual significance;therefore the ultimate goodness not only represents a value orientation,but also functions as a destination towards excellence in human nature.Unlike instrumental rationality in modern times,Aristotle’s ethics remains a com-plete system,which goes far beyond the relativism ethics.