包装材料及包装方式对湿包的影响研究

Influence of packaging materials and methods on wet packs

目的探讨脉动真空蒸汽灭菌湿包的成因,寻找改善湿包的方法,以减少湿包率。方法采用不同的承载方式、不同的包装材料将器械、器具进行打包,灭菌前称重,装载上、中、下3层灭菌架,脉动真空灭菌器灭菌,灭菌后冷却,结合目测法和称重法共同判断湿包率。结果通过称重法判定为湿包的现象仅带棉布的包装材料存在,目测观察判定湿包的为使用双层无纺布、一层SMMMS无纺布和一层湿法无纺布,其比使用棉布为包装材料的数量多;包裹重量为2 600～2 900g的湿包率最高为28.3%;双层SMMMS无纺布采用方盘作为器械承载托盘的方式湿包率最高,为88.9%,而采用篮筐＋吸水纸的承载方式产生的湿包率最低,为20.0%,湿包与灭菌时的装载可能有一定的关系,置于底层（排气口）最容易产生湿包,中间层次之,顶层最不容易湿包。结论更换无纺布可能并不是造成湿包的成因,它可能只是使湿包问题暴露出来;使用篮筐加吸水纸的承载方式可以更好地改善湿包。

OBJECTIVE To explore the reasons that cause wet packs after steam sterilization,and find methods to modify wet packs so as to reduce wet pack rates.METHODS Instruments and utensils were packed with different packaging materials and loadings,weighed before sterilization,and loaded on the upper,middle,lower layers of the sterilization shelf.The sterilization was conducted with the pulsation vacuum sterilizer,and the instruments were cooled down after sterilization.The wet pack rate was determined by the combination of visual observation and weighting.RESULTS Wet packs determined by weighing only presented with cotton packaging materials.Those determined by visual observation were packs with double-layer non-woven fabrics,one-layer SMMMS and one layer of wet non-woven fabrics,which were more than those with cotton in number.Packs with the parcel weight of 2600-2900 g had a wet pack rate up to 28.3%.Packs with the double-layer SMMMS non-woven fabrics and the square plate as the instrument bearing tray had the highest wet pack rate of 88.9%,and packs with the load mode of basket plus absorbent paper had the lowest wet pack rate of 20.0%.The wet pack may have correlation with loading during sterilization,since wet packs most easily occurred in the bottom layer（blow vent）followed by the middle layer and the top layer.CONCLUSIONThe replacement of non-woven fabrics may not be the cause for wet pack,it may just make the problems of wet pack exposed;using baskets with absorbent paper can better improve wet packs.