不同树形对苹果幼树树冠中下层光截获与产量及品质的影响

Effect of Different Tree Forms on Light Interception,Yield and Quality of Juvenile Apple Tree Lower Part

以5年生"丽嘎啦"苹果为试材,选取高纺锤形、细纺锤形、自由纺锤形、Y形4种树形,运用三维数字化仪,结合Piaf Digit和Vege STAR 4.0软件,对"丽嘎啦"苹果的4种树形进行了为期2年的模拟,并对其产量、品质进行了分析,为三维数字化仪在树形评价方面的推广应用提供依据。结果表明:高纺锤形中下层的光截获率高于其它树形,总STAR与枝类STAR的线性相关性强于其它树形,中下层产量最高,品质也体现出优势,适合于光照充足的黄土高原地区矮化密植果园大量推广;各树形中皆是短果台副梢(PS)、短营养枝(VS)的STAR值高于其它枝类的STAR值;运用三维数字化仪可以准确地评价果树的总光截获率和各枝类的光截获率,能在果树上进行推广应用。

Taking 5-year-old apple‘Li Gala＇as test material,4kinds of tree forms of tall spindle,slender spindle,freedom spindle and Y-trellis were adopted,using three-dimensional digitizer combined with Piaf Digit and Vege STAR 4.0software to mock four different tree forms of‘Li Gala＇in two successive years,and then the yield and quality were analyzed,in order to provide a basis for promoting the application of this apparatus on fruit trees.The results showed that,the total STAR of tall spindle was 0.254,higher than other tree shapes,which had the most significant correlation.Tall spindle tree had the highest lower part production and the apples growing on tall spindle trees had outstanding quality.This shape was suitable for dwarf orchards in the Loess Plateau.The STAR of VS and PS was higher than other branches＇ in all tree shapes.The use of three-dimensional digitizer could evaluate the architecture of apple trees and its light interception rate.It could be popularized in fruit trees.