厦门市≥18岁居民酒精使用障碍现状及其危险因素

Prevalence of alcohol use disorders and its risk factors among adult residents in Xiamen city

目的了解福建省厦门市≥18岁居民酒精使用障碍现状及其危险因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法对在厦门市抽取的10 764名≥18岁居民作为调查对象,采用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）进行筛查,将调查对象分为精神障碍高、中、低危险组,然后应用美国精神障碍统计与诊断手册（DSM-IV）轴I障碍定式临床检查患者版对3组居民按照100%的高危、40%的中危、10%的低危居民进行诊断,并分析酒精使用障碍的危险因素。结果厦门市居民酒精使用障碍现患率为0.30%（95%CI=0.21%~0.42%）,终生患病率为1.14%（95%CI=0.95%~1.35%）;其中终生患酒精滥用38例,酒精依赖19例（1例既患酒精滥用又有酒精依赖）,患病率分别为0.81%（95%CI=0.65%~0.99%）和0.33%（95%CI=0.24%~0.46%）;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,男性和家庭年人均收入≥10 800元为厦门市≥18岁居民酒精使用障碍的危险因素;在有求医信息的49例酒精使用障碍患者中,仅3例（6.12%）求助过精神卫生专业机构的帮助,1例（2.04%）求助过非精神卫生专业机构的帮助,45例（91.84%）从未求助任何帮助。结论厦门市≥18岁居民酒精使用障碍患病率相对较低,但仍需对男性和家庭收入较高的居民加以重视。

Objective To describe the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol use disorders among people aged 18 years and older in Xiamen city ,Fujian province. Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 12 071 residents aged 18 years and older were selected in Xiamen city. The subjects were screend with the expanded version of 12-Item General Health Questionnaire（GHQ-12） and classified as having a high,moderate or low risk of mental disorder based on the results. Different proportions of the three groups（ 100% of high-,40% of the moderate-, 10% of the low-risk） were assessed with the Structured Clinical for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV-Axis I Disorders to determine whether they had mental disorder and specific diagnosis, and then the risk factors of alcohol use disorders were analyzed. Results The 12-month and life-time prevalence of alcohol use disorders were 0. 30% and 1.14% among the subjects. There were 38 cases suffering from life-time alcohol abuse and 19 cases suffering alcohol dependence（ 1 case of alcohol abuse comorbidity with alcohol dependence）, with the prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence of 0. 81% and 0. 33%, respectively. Multivariate non-condition logistic regression showed that the risk factors of alcohol use disorders were male, with per household income of greater than or equal to 10 800 RMB yuan. Among 49 alcohol use disorder ca- ses,only 6. 12% had ever received at least one type of mental health treatment,2. 04% had ever received non-mental health treatment,and 91.84% had never sought any help. Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol use disorders was rela- tively low among the residents in Xiamen city, but males and persons with higher household income were the key popula- tions for the prevention of alcohol use disorders.