俄罗斯医疗保障制度的启示与借鉴

Development and Realistic Contradiction of Russian Medical Security System

近年以来,俄罗斯对医疗保障制度进行了一系列根本性改革。通过建立医疗保险基金,鼓励非国有医疗保险机构发展,实施国家优先发展项目"医疗",使免费医疗服务范围不断扩大、医疗水平逐渐提升,也使俄罗斯居民的生存质量和健康水平出现了较为明显的改善。在快速发展的同时,俄罗斯医疗保障体系自身存在的问题与缺陷也逐渐显现,笔者对俄罗斯医疗保障体系的发展与演变、改革的方式与内容,以及对我国的启示与借鉴进行分析。

After independence, Russia has made a series of fundamental reform for its medical security system. By the establishment of medical insurance fund, raising the level of overall medical insurance, encouraging non-state- owned medical insurance institutions, the implementation of the national development priorities ＂medical＂, and ex- panding the scope of the free medical service, the medical level has increased, and thus the Russian residents＇ quality of life and health level has improved obviously. At the time of fast development, problems and system defects of the Russian medical security system has gradually appeared. This paper analyses the development of Russian medical se- curity system, the contents and methods of its reform, and the existing problems andrealistic contradictions.