广州市公共场所建设项目单位单位竣工验收阶段集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Central air-conditioning ventilation system hygienic condition investigation during construction project units in public places completion acceptance period of Guangzhou city

目的调查分析广州市竣工验收阶段的公共场所建设项目单位集中空调通风系统卫生状况,探索在集中空调通风系统投入使用前清洗及监测的重要性。方法抽检2012年及2013年上半年达到卫生学竣工验收要求的使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所建设项目单位(酒店、商场)共20家,按照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(WS394-2012)要求进行检测,并将检测结果与已投入使用并通过卫生许可的公共场所的同期监测作比较。结果集中空调风管内表面的积尘量、β-溶血性链球菌的合格率均为100.00%,细菌总数及真菌总数的合格率分别为94.00%及95.20%;送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率分别为77.52%、64.39%及76.00%,β-溶血性链球菌的合格率为100.00%;冷却水嗜肺军团菌的合格率为100.00%。20家公共场所建设项目单位集中空调卫生检测的总体合格率为35.00%,同期监测已投入使用并获得卫生许可的公共场所36间,其集中空调的总体合格率为86.11%;两者合格率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.399,P=0.000)。结论公共场所建设项目单位的集中空调通风系统在投入使用前除了应该要先清洗、通风、并通过卫生学评价及检测合格外,卫生部门在项目单位的集中空调系统安装前应先对其设计进行预防性卫生评价,提出合理的建议,确保集中空调投入使用后输送空气的卫生质量。

Abstract： Objective To investigate the sanitary condition of ventilation system in central air - conditioning after the construction projects completion approval in public places of Guangzho rinsing and monitoring ventilation system of central air - conditioning before u city, discuss using. Methods the importance for According to Hy- gienic specification of central air conditioning ventilation system in public buildings （ WS 394 -2012）, a random inspection of 20 ventilation systems of central air- conditioning in public places （hotels, markets） which up to the hygienic requires for completion in the period from 2012 to first half year of 2013 was carried out. Furthermore, the results of random inspection were compared with the ones for the same period in public places own the sanitary certification. Results The passing rate of for the dust amount on the surface of ventilation pipe and β- hemolytic streptococcus （BHS） in ventilation line system of central air - conditioning was 100.00%, 94% and 95.2% for the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi respectively. In the air supply system, the passing rates of PM10, total number of bacteria, total number of fungi and BHS were measured as 77.52%, 64.39%, 76. 00% and 100. 00% respectively, the passing rate was 100.00% for legionella pneumophilia in the water coolant system. The general passing rate for the 20 ventilation systems was calculated to 35%, there was 36 public places in using and got sanitary approval of monitoring at the same time, the total passing rate of its central air - conditioning was 86. 11%, which has significant statistical differences （y2 = 15.399. P = 0.000） . Conclusions The ventilation system in central air - conditioning for he public places should be not only cleaned, well ventilated and fulfilled to pass the sanitary evaluation system before using but also a preventive sanitary evaluation should be carried out with some reasonable advice before the installation of the system to ensure the hygienic quality of the air.