2012年宁夏饮水型氟中毒地区降氟改水工程现状分析与健康风险评价

Decreasing fluoride water improvement engineering current situation analysis and health risk assessment of drinking water type fluorosis areas in Ningxia in 2012

目的了解宁夏已建降氟改水工程的运行、报废情况和水氟情况，评价其健康风险。方法根据宁夏氟中毒病区分布，将19个县（区、市）作为调查县进行饮用水水氟检测；对县／区全部改水工程进行调查。结果按病区自然村统计，宁夏氟中毒病区改水率为89.82％，病区共涉及156处供水工程，74.36％的工程能够保证正常供水，氟中毒病区供水工程饮水中氟化物含量为0.10～2.90mg／L，合格率为85.50％，氟化物年健康风险值为3.66×10﹣7／a。结论宁夏降氟改水工程运行状况良好，仅有小部分工程氟化物含量高于我国生活饮用水卫生标准限值，氟化物对人体健康危害的个人年风险较小。

Objective To understand the situation of project operation, waste and water fluoride on decreasing fluoride water improvement which has been built in Ningxia, to evaluate its health risks. Methods According to the distribution of fluoride poisoning endemic area in Ningxia, took 19 counties （ district, city ） as the project counties for drinking water fluorine detection ; to investigate all water - improving projects of county / district. Results According to the statistics of endemic area villages, water improvement rate was 89.82% in fluorosis area in Ningxia, involving a total of 156 water supply projects, 74.36% projects could ensure normal water supply, fluorosis fluoride content in drinking water supply project was 0.10 -2.90 mg/L, the qualified rate was 85.50%, fluoride yearly health risk value is 3.66 x 10-7/a. Conclusions Decreasing fluoride water improvement engineering works good in Ningxia, only a small part of the project of fluoride content is higher than the China drinking water sanitary standard limits, personal annual risk is less of fluoride on human health damages.