基于组合挖掘的反铲液压挖掘机工作装置优化设计

Optimal design of backhoe hydraulic excavator working device based on synthesis digging

为了解决挖掘机在实际作业过程中挖掘力不足、燃油经济性差等常见问题,综合分析和比较国内外先进的挖掘机挖掘性能参数,提出基于组合挖掘的挖掘机工作装置优化设计新方法.挖掘机的组合挖掘方式包括基于作业路径上的多段单缸挖掘轨迹的组合和基于可行区域内离散点的双缸同时主动复合作用两种.建立优化数学模型,通过遗传算法求解多目标函数.优化结果显示:挖掘机的挖掘性能在习惯作业路径上最大挖掘力提高了10%,双缸复合挖掘时工作油缸的充分发挥比例提高了13%以及最大复合挖掘力提高了8%,证明了新优化方法在提高挖掘性能上的可行性.

Aiming the insufficient digging force and fuel economy of hydraulic excavator under common working condition, a new optimal design method for working device of hydraulic excavator based on syn- thesis digging is proposed after a comprehensive comparison of digging performance parameters between domestic and international advanced excavators. The specific methods of synthesis digging include the com- bination of single-cylinder digging trajectories as a customary digging path and complex digging of two ac- tive cylinders on a point in feasible area. Fully considering the characteristics of consecutive digging process of hydraulic excavator, the best digging performance on its customary digging path can be obtained with optimal design based on digging path. The maximum complex digging force and the proportion of two active cylinders when giving full play can be improved with optimal design based on complex digging in the feasible area to enhance the digging efficiency. The optimization mathematical model is built and the multi- objective optimization is solved by using of genetic algorithm. The optimization result shows that a certain model of a excavator＇s maximum digging force on the customary digging paths is improved by 10%, the proportion of two active cylinders when giving full play in complex digging process is improved by 13% and the maximum complex digging force is improved by 8 % after the optimization on the working device of the excavator with weak digging force, which proves that the new optimal design method based on synthesis digging is feasible to improve the digging performance of hydraulic excavator.