逻辑及其在知识研究中的作用

Logic and its Role in the Study on Knowledge

逻辑主要研究语形和语义之间的二元关系,是特殊的形式化的推理系统。演绎推理并不必然要求论证是演绎有效的或者是无效的。演绎推理是不可废止的,但非演绎推理却是可废止的。从知识科学的角度看,逻辑的作用在于提供推理形式化的范式。现代逻辑和方法论以及科学哲学之间关系密切。演绎推理只是其中的一种,并且具有一定的局限性,而非演绎推理或可废止推理也可以用数学的方法进行刻画。

The duality between syntax and semantics is central in logic,which is a particular rea-soning form.Deductive reasoning does not necessarily demand that argument is deductively valid or invalid.Deductive reasoning is irrevocable,but non deductive reasoning is defeasible.From the scientific point of view,the role of logic is to provide formal reasoning paradigm.There is a close relationship between modern logic,methodology and philosophy of science.Deduction is but one of the possible forms of reasoning and has some limitations,while deductive or defeasible reasoning can also be described by mathematical methods.