无卤阻燃增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究

Study of Reinforced Rigid Polyurethane Foam with Halogen-free Flame Retardants

采用聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、多异氰酸酯、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂及发泡剂等为基本原料,以聚磷酸铵(APP)、可膨胀石墨(EG)及膨润土(BT)为阻燃剂及填料,通过一步发泡法制备了无卤阻燃增强硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。研究了APP、EG、BT对泡沫力学性能、阻燃性能以及泡孔结构的影响。结果表明,APP质量分数为15%,EG为7.5%,膨润土为2.5%时可以制得力学性能和阻燃性能均优良的聚氨酯泡沫塑料。在该条件下,泡沫的压缩强度为0.271 MPa,平均孔径为322μm,极限氧指数达到29.5%。

Reinforced and flame retarded rigid polyurethane foams （RPUF） were prepared by one-step foaming process using polyether polyol,polyester polyol,polyisocyanate,foaming stabilizer,catalyst and foaming agent as materials and using ammonium polyphosphate （APP）,expandable graphite （EG） and bentonite as flame retardants and filler.The effects of APP,EG,Bentonite （BT） on the mechanical property,flame retardancy,cell structure of the foams were evaluated.Results showed that the performance of RPUF was optimum when the contents of APP,EG,bentonite were 15％,7.5％,2.5％,respectively.Under the optimum condition,the compressive strength of the foam was O.271 MPa,cell diameter was about 322 μm and LOI value was about 29.5％.