清代客家森林的永续经营——以宁化石壁地区为例

The Sustainable Management of Hakka Forest in Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of Shibi Area in Ninghua Town

通过梳理清代石壁地区的森林契约及相关文献,从当地乡民的角度看,森林能为人们提供用材林木、避难场所和风水保障等经济社会产品,是闽西客家人生产生活的重要资源。这使客家乡民对森林的经营方式不是任意开垦,而是因地制宜、立体经营,并利用宗族规约、经济惩罚、文化濡化等措施保护森林,既有效地利用了森林资源,又保护了生态环境,从而实现了森林的永续经营。

In the traditional time ,the forest is the important resources for the Hakka in the west of Fujian Province ,because it could provide timber,shelter and geomantic guarantee.So the Hakka wouldn’t fell the forest indiscriminately,instead,they cultivate woods to circumstances ,and protect the forest with clan conventions ,financial penalties and culture acculturation which not only taking ad-vantage of forest resources ,but also protecting the environment ,and achieving the forest ’ s sustainable management.