新疆土壤可蚀性K值空间插值及其分布特征研究

Methods of Calculating and Mapping Soil Erodibility K in Xinjiang

土壤可蚀性是土壤侵蚀预报和土地利用规划的重要参数，本文采用EPIC（Erosion Productivity Impact Caculator）模型中土壤可蚀性因子K值为指标，利用新疆土壤污染状况调查资料，探讨新疆土壤可蚀性K值及分布特征，并采用Kriging插值法进行全疆K值的空间插值。结果表明：新疆各类型土壤表层平均K值为0.238～0.441，主要分布在可侵蚀-易侵蚀-较易侵蚀范围；其中K值最大的土类为石质土和风沙土，均属于岩成土土纲；K值最小的土类为棕钙土；不同的土地利用方式，土壤可蚀性特征也不同，耕地土壤K值最大。从总体上看，土壤经过多年耕种，抗侵蚀能力明显下降。

Soil erodibility is an important parameter for prediction of soil erosion and land use planning. Taking soil erodibility factor K value in EPIC （Erosion Productivity Impact Caculator） model as the index, soil erodibility K values and distribution characteristics were studied by using the survey data of Xinjiang soil pollution, in which Kriging interpolation method was used in space interpolation in Xinjiang K value. The results showed that average K values of various surface soils were in the range of 0.238～0.441, which mainly distributed in erosion - easy erosion easily erosion range. Stony soil and aeolian sandy soil showed the largest K values, and both of them belong to the rocks into the soil class, while brown soil showed the smallest K value. Soil erodibility characteristics were different with different land use pattern, soil used as cultivated land hold the largest K value. In general, anti erosion ability of soil decreased significantly after years of cultivation.