虾夷扇贝外套膜水解分离蛋白的研究

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Protein Isolates from Mantles of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

传统虾夷扇贝外套膜直接水解后产物风味及安全问题突出,通过等电点絮凝法脱除虾夷扇贝外套膜中的砂分、色素、腥味及脂肪等杂质,分离回收得到外套膜蛋白。以外套膜分离蛋白为底物,利用Protamex复合蛋白酶和Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶对所得到的分离蛋白进行水解。通过单因素试验和正交试验研究了酶用量、水解温度、水解时间以及pH值对水解度的影响,并确定Protamex复合蛋白酶水解外套膜分离蛋白最佳工艺条件为酶用量0.075AU/g,水解时间5h,pH 7.0,水解温度55℃。利用优化条件水解分离蛋白,所得酶解液再经浓缩冻干后进行微生物检验和重金属检验,微生物检测结果表明,微生物总数为280个/g,大肠杆菌群则未检出,重金属分析表明,与原料外套膜相比,分离处理能够有效降低重金属含量。因此,基于外套膜分离蛋白,再进行酶解处理,有效的解决了传统水解方式带来的食品风味问题以及食品安全问题。为虾夷扇贝外套膜的高值化利用提供新的思路。

Traditional production of protein hydrolysates from scallop mantle directly is involved in outstanding flavor and safety issues.In this paper,protein isolates were collected from mantle of yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by pH shift processing and Protamex and Flavourzyme hydrolysis.The orthogonal test revealed that the hydrolysis was affected by enzyme addition level,temperature,time and pH.The optimal Protamex hydrolysis process was shown to be carried out under conditions of enzyme addition at a dose of 0.075AU/g,5h,pH 7.0,and 55 ℃.The microorganism species composition and density and heavy metal levels were detected in the hydrolyzed protein isolates freeze-dried.Results showed that total colony counts were 280cfu/g,and that Bacillus coil was not detected.It was found that heavy metals were to some extent removed in the protein hydrolysates compared with the raw mantles.The findings indicate that the mantle protein isolates by the enzymatic process lead to an effective solution to the food flavors and food safety and provide a new way to make a full use of the scallop mantles.