社区老年人家庭对健康教育内容需求的调查

Survey on the Demand for the Contents of Health Education among the Elder's Family In the Community

目的了解社区老年人家庭对健康教育内容的需求状况。方法 2011年11月至2012年3月,在浙江省温州市和江苏省南通市采用多阶段整群抽样的方法获取样本(包括4个居委会及4个村)。用问卷法调查符合纳入标准的老年人(1207名)及与其共同生活的子女(201名)的健康知识状况,以此反映老年人家庭对健康教育内容需求;用访谈法获得老年人(10名)对健康教育内容的主观需求。结果老年人健康知识处于中低水平(良好率为47.6%),其子女健康知识的水平较高(良好率为96.0%),但子女对老年人健康知识的影响不大。老年人及与其共同生活的子女对健康教育内容的客观需求主要集中在饮食和运动方面,老年人还表现为对导致跌倒的环境因素、心理保健知识的需求;对健康教育内容主观需求较多的是健康饮食、慢性病防治、用药、心理保健和急救知识。结论老年人家庭健康教育应以教育老年人为主,与其共同生活的子女为辅,教育内容应结合其对健康知识客观和主观两方面的需求。

Objective To understand the demands on health education contents among community elderly family.Methods We used multi-stage probability sampling to get samples including 4 neighborhood com-mittes and 4 villages,a survey of the qualified elderly （1207）and their children （201）living with them was used to understand health behavior knowledge status and to reflect the elderly family’s obj ective：demands of health education contents.Interview method was used to obtain the elderly （10）subjective demands of health education contents.Results Elderly people who having a good knowledge of health was in low and middle level,approximately 46.7%.Their children’s health knowledge was in a high level,accuracy rate was 96.0%.However,the children’s influence of elder’s knowledge was relatively weak.The objective demands of health education contents among elderly and children living with them were mainly knowledge of diets and sports,and the elderly also showed the demands of knowledge of environmental factors that leading to fall and psychological health.The subj ective demands of health education contents were the knowledge of healthy diet,prevention and control of chronic diseases,medical,psychological care and first aid.Conclusion Health education of the elderly family should be given priority to the old,while education of their children living with them is complementary,so health knowledge contents should be combined obj ective demands with subj ective demands of the elderly family.