新疆生产建设兵团团场老年人口分布研究

Basic Situation and Spatial Distribution of the Aged Population of the Farms of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

基于2010年第六次人口普查数据,研究了新疆生产建设兵团(简称兵团)十三个师所属团场65岁及以上老年人口的年龄分布、性别分布和地域分布。兵团团场2010年老年人口总数为18.3万人,占团场总人口的10.4%,性别比为113.3,年龄中位数为72.1岁。兵团团场的人口年龄结构属于老年型,老年人口比重、老少比和老年抚养比的空间分布不均衡,北疆团场比南疆和东疆团场高。虽然单位土地面积上老年人口的分布不均衡,但是,单位耕地面积上老年人口的分布是均衡的。兵团团场老年人口密度为2.7人/平方公里(土地面积)和17.6人/平方公里(耕地面积)。人口老龄化对北疆团场经济社会发展和养老保障的压力将不断增大,对兵团承担屯垦戍边及保障新疆长治久安任务提出了新的挑战。

Based on the data obtained from the Sixth Population Census in 2010,age structure,gender structure and population regional distributions for old people aged 65 and over of thirteen Divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（hereinafter referred to as the XPCC） were studied. The proportion of the old people was 10.4%,and the number of elderly persons was 183000 of XPCC with the sex ratio of 113.3 that indicated that the amount of the male of the old population was larger than that of the female. The median age for the old people was 72.1. XPCC is an aging society,and its spatial distributions of aging population,the ratios of elderly to young,and the old-age dependence ratios were uneven. These maps of aging population,the ratios of elderly to young,and the old-age dependence ratios of the XPCC revealed that the problems of aging society of Farms in Northern Xinjiang region were worse than that of Farms in Southern Xinjiang. We also found that the spatial distribution of the elderly population density（old people per sq.km of land area） was unbalance with value of 2.7 persons/km2,however,the spatial distribution of the elderly population density（old people per sq.km of arable land area） was balance with value of 17.6 person/km2. The growth of aging population and the severe aging problems,especially in Northern Xinjiang will pose an increasing pressure for the Farms economic and social development, and the age security system,then results in the weakness of the role of the XPCC in reclamation and safeguard peace and stability.