论欧洲中世纪法治精神的形成——以法学教师职业群体的生成为视角

Study on the Formation of Spirit of Rule of Law in the Medieval Europe:from the Perspective of the Development of Law Teachers' Role

人类的法治制度实践在文艺复兴之后得以充分展开,但法治精神的种子却在中世纪欧洲即已深深植根。当罗马法规范体系的精致和深邃与经院主义研究方法以一种意想不到的方式在欧洲中世纪的大学里相遇,共同促成了欧洲最早的法学教师群体的生成。法学教师们通过重构法治基本价值原则、指导法律规范完善和重塑法律共同体及民众法治信仰等方式,在法治客观价值确立和主体意识养成的双重意义上,为中世纪法治精神的形成做出了贡献。

The institutional practice of rule of law was carried out after the Renaissance, but the spirit of rule of law had been fully established in the Medieval Europe. When the delicacy and profundity of the Roman law and the research method of scholasticism unexpectedly met together in the universities of the Medieval Europe, the formation of law teachers group became possible. The law teachers have made important contributions to the formation of the spirit of rule of law on both its objective and subjective element by reconstructing the prime principles of rule of law, guiding the improvement of legislation and establishing the belief on the rule of law of both the legal community and the social subjects.