黄土山地区高密度地震勘探激发方法分析

Analysis of High-Density Seismic Exploration Technology in Loess Mountain

随着勘探技术的发展及长庆油田油气需求量的增加,鄂尔多斯盆地地震勘探领域不断向复杂的区域(地表岩性复杂多变,地下构造复杂、隐蔽)延伸,油田开发对勘探精度也提出了更高的要求;从地震采集技术发展现状来看,高密度地震勘探就是解决复杂区域地层成像问题的有效手段。和常规的地震勘探强化单炮激发效果的设计理念相比,高密度采集要求激发和接收点都具有较高的空间采样密度,激发和接收环节都不再追求通过组合方式来压制噪音,提高信噪比;而是在激发环节尽可能模拟点震源激发,在接收环节能够接收到保幅保真无污染的真实信号,最终提高叠加剖面的信噪比。基于这些要求,主要研究高密度地震采集激发参数的设计思路和选取结果;通过具体试验、理论分析和统计学的方法来推导和论证高密度地震采集的激发参数。高密度激发参数在实际生产中应用之后,发现剖面的浅层信噪比明显好于常规剖面,取得了初步成效。

With the development of exploration technology and the increase of oil and gas demand of Changqing oil-field,seismic exploration domain extends to complex area（ surface lithology is complicated,complex and hidden underground structure）,oilfield development also puts forward higher requirements for exploration precision;from the point of seismic acquisition technology development present situation,high-density seismic exploration is the effective means to solve the problem of complex regional strata imaging. Compared to the design concept of the con-ventional seismic strengthening record,high-density seismic exploration and the source effect of high density ac-quisition for source and receiver has higher spatial sampling density,source and receiving link is no longer the pur-suit of combination way to suppress noise,improve signal -to -noise ratio. But in source link simulation point source as far as possible,at the receiving link can receive the cover image fidelity real signal of pollution-free,e-ventually improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the stacking profile. Based on these requirements,this paper mainly studies high -density seismic acquisition parameters design and select the results;through concrete experiment, theoretical analysis and statistical methods to derivation and demonstration of high-density seismic acquisition pa-rameters. High density parameters applied in the actual production,found that the profile of shallow signal-to-noise ratio significantly better the conventional section,these method had achieved initial success.