“人间世”中的“养生主”——“为善无近名,为恶无近刑”新释

A new explanation of the sentence ‘wei shan wu jin ming,wei e wu jin xing'in Essentials for Keeping a Good Health by Chuang Tzu

《养生主》的主旨包括:"养"的主要对象是精神,"养生"重在"养神"。"养"的原则是,于内,要"虚","刳心去知",抛却私心成见;于外,要"因",循乎天理,依乎自然。"养"的最终目的是"使精神不为外物所伤","达到享尽天年的目的"。其中,如何处理与外部世界的关系,是庄子"养生"说的重要内容。结合《养生主》的宗旨及其文章脉络,并考虑到一些关键字在《庄子》中的用法和内涵。"为善无近名,为恶无近刑"当释为:面对善境,不要有求名之心;面对恶境,不要因之伤害精神。

The connotation of Essentials for Keeping a Good Health by Chuang tzu includes three points. First,the object to be protected is spirit. The most important thing of health cultivation is spirit cultivation. Second,the principle of health cultivation is to get rid of prejudices in the internal minds,and let nature take its course in the outside world. Third,the ultimate goal of health cultivation is to enable people to enjoy their life. It is an important content of health cultivation that how to deal with the relationship with the outside world. According to the connotation of Essentials for Keeping a Good Health and its' context,also considering the use of some key words in Zhuang Zi,the sentence ‘wei shan wu jin ming,wei e wu jin xing'should be understood like this: in good conditions,we shouldn't go for honor; in bad conditions,we shouldn't lead to mental damage.