深耕和施用有机肥对麦田土壤微环境的影响

Effects of Deep Tillage and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Micro-environment of Wheat Field

为了探讨深耕和施用有机肥对土壤的培肥效应，在5年田间定位试验基础上，研究了深耕（ DCK）、深耕＋有机肥（DOF）、浅耕（SCK）、浅耕＋有机肥（SOF）4个处理对土壤微生物数量、酶活性、含水量、养分含量的影响。结果表明，在不施有机肥条件下，深耕处理0～40 cm土层真菌、放线菌数量均显著高于浅耕，但细菌数量仅在20～40 cm土层显著高于浅耕。增施有机肥能显著增加微生物数量，在0～20 cm土层，DOF处理细菌、真菌、放线菌数量分别比DCK增加了180．6％，53．6％，19．8％，SOF处理分别比SCK处理增加了8．0％，14．2％，36．9％。与浅耕相比，深耕可显著提高土壤脲酶活性和土壤含水量。在深耕条件下，施用有机肥可显著提高脲酶活性和土壤含水量，在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层，DOF处理脲酶活性分别比DCK处理提高11．9％和54．3％，DOF处理含水量分别比DCK处理提高了4．67％和4．49％。深耕有助于提高20～40 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷含量，而浅耕有助于提高0～20 cm土层土壤全氮、全磷含量。施用有机肥可提高表层土壤全氮、全磷含量，在0～20 cm土层，SOF处理全氮、全磷含量比SCK处理增加了36．24％，5．54％，DOF处理比DCK处理增加了8．98％，37．72％。可见，深耕＋有机肥对改善土壤微环境、提高土壤肥力具有显著效果。

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage and fertilization meas-ures on the microbial quantity ,enzyme activity ,moisture and nutrients of soil .Four tillage and fertilization treatments were selected：deep tillage（DCK）,deep tillage＋organic fertilizer（DOF）,shallow tillage（SCK）,and shallow tillage＋organic fertilizer（SOF）.The results of 5-year field experiments showed that,without the application of organic fertilizer ,the number of fungi and actinomycetes in 0-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher in DCK than in SCK （ P〈0 .05 ） ,while the number of bacteria in DCK was significantly higher only in 20-40 cm soil layer than that of SCK.Organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of microorganisms （P〈0.05）.In 0-20 cm soil lay-er,the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in DOF treatment increased by 180.6%,53.6%and 19.8%, respectively,compared to DCK,while in SOF treatment increased by 8%,14.2% and 36.9%,respectively,com-pared to SCK .Deep tillage could increase the soil urease activity and soil water content compared with shallow till -age（P〈0.05）.Application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the urease activity and soil water con-tent under deep tillage condition .In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer,the urease activity of DOF treatment in-creased by 11.9%and 54.3%,respectively,and the soil water content of DOF increased by 4.67%and 4.49%, respectively ,compared with DCK .Deep tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil layer ,while shallow tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer .Application of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphor-us in 0 -20 cm soil layer .The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in SOF treatment increased by 36.24%and 5.54%,respectively,and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in DOF treatment in-creased by 8.98%and 37.72%,respectively,compared to DCK.It was clear that deep tillage ＋organic fertilizer could significantly improve the soil micro-environment and soil fertility .