行至中途——再论国有经济的混合所有制改革

Way to the middle path: State owned enterprise mixed-ownership reform

我国混合所有制改革面临国企改革处于对国有经济功能定位的整体认识阶段,"主导作用地位"与"平等市场主体地位"之间存在冲突,对业务性质的梳理面临困难以及企业法人治理结构需要进一步完善等问题。未来国有资本应加大对公益性企业的投入;对国有资本继续控股经营的自然垄断行业推进公共资源配置市场化;进一步破除各种形式的行政垄断。分类推进国有企业改革,需要有步骤地进行,要考虑每个企业的特殊性,不能搞一刀切。建议:1)对于一些竞争性领域的国有企业改革,推进以管资本为主、加强国有资产监管的改革;2)在一些垄断型领域,首先要进行行业管理和组织结构的市场化改革;3)对于必须要国有资本承担功能的领域,要强化企业运行信息的公开,加强政府和社会的双重监督。

China is entering a new phrase in which mixed-ownership is juxtaposed with state-owned enterprise reform in general understanding of how the state-owned economy should function.The conflict between the central government's leading role status and the level market playing field principle, the difficulty in sorting out business characteristics, and the need to improve enterprises' corporate governance structure, are among the major issues now being faced. State capital should increasingly be invested in public-good type industries and continue to constitute a controlling interest in natural-monopoly industries to carry forward public resource allocation marketization; further effort should be made to break down various kinds of administrative monopoly. However, SOE reform needs to be selective and systematically carried out, taking into account each enterprise's characteristics, and cannot be carried out across the board. We suggest 1) reform of some competitive industry SOEs mainly by promoting capital management to strengthen state-owned asset supervision reform; 2) in certain monopolized industries,marketization reform of management and organization structure;3) where state-capital remains necessarily involved, enhanced enterprise information disclosure to the public and dual supervision by government and the public.