合肥市区2～6岁儿童超重和肥胖现况分析

Analysis on current situation of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years old in Hefei urban area

目的了解合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖的现况,为制定儿童超重和肥胖的干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法,对合肥市区96所幼儿园17 984名儿童进行体格检查,根据WHO标准评价儿童体格发育,用身高别体重评价超重和肥胖,凡身高别体重超过中位数10%-19%者为超重,超过20%为肥胖。运用EpiData 3.1软件建立数据库,SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果在2-6岁儿童中,超重儿童占11.89%,肥胖儿童占5.57%,随着年龄的增长,超重儿童有逐年下降的趋势（χ2趋势=23.068,P〈0.01）;肥胖儿童有逐年上升的趋势（χ2趋势=44.178,P〈0.01）,男童和女童的超重分别为12.32%和11.38%,无显著性差异（χ2趋势=3.740,P=0.053）;肥胖率分别为6.88%和4.01%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=69.629,P〈0.01）;超重＋肥胖儿童随着年龄增长没有增长或下降趋势（χ2趋势=0.007,P=0.936）。超重、轻度肥胖、中度肥胖和重度肥胖儿童的构成比分别为68.11%、20.23%、10.48%和1.18%。公立幼儿园和私立幼儿园超重儿童分别为12.65%和11.67%,无显著性差异（χ2=2.918,P=0.088）;肥胖儿童分别为6.73%和5.23%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=13.575,P〈0.01）。结论合肥市区2-6岁儿童超重和肥胖率比较高,部分超重儿童可能随着年龄的增长变成肥胖儿童;预防儿童肥胖应先预防超重,并且年龄越小越好。

[Objective]To investigate the current situation of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years old in Hefei urban area,provide the scientific basis for developing the intervention strategies and measures of overweight and obesity in children.[Methods]The cluster sampling method was used to obtain a sample group consisting of17 984 children（from96 kindergartens） in Hefei urban area. Children＇s physical development status was evaluated according to the WHO standards. The weight-for-length value was applied to evaluate overweight and obesity,namely children whose weight-for-length value was 10%-19% greater than the median were defined as the overweight,while that was 20% greater than the median were defined as the obesity. Database was established with Epi Data 3. 1,and analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 software.[Results]Among children aged 2-6 years old,the incidence rate of overweight and obesity was 11. 89% and 5. 57% respectively. With increasing age,the incidence rate of overweight showed a downward trend year by year（ χ2= 23. 068,P〈0. 01）,while the incidence rate of obesity increased gradually（ χ2= 44. 178,P〈0. 01）. The incidence rate of overweight in boys and girls was 12. 32% and 11. 38% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（χ2= 3. 740,P = 0. 053）. The incidence rate of obesity in boys and girls was 6. 88% and 4. 01% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（χ2= 69. 629,P〈0. 01）. The incidence rate of overweight combined with obesity had no downward or rising trend with increasing age（χ2= 0. 007,P = 0. 936）. The constituent ratio of overweight,mild obesity,medium obesity and severe obesity children was 68. 11%,20. 23%,10. 48 and 1. 18%,respectively. The incidence rate of overweight in public kindergartens and private kindergartens was 12. 65% and 11. 67% respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant（χ2= 2. 918,P = 0. 088）. The incidence rate of obesity in public kindergartens and private kindergartens was6. 73% and 5. 23% respectively,and the difference was statistically significant（χ2= 13. 575,P〈0. 01）.[Conclusion]The incidence rates of overweight and obesity among children aged 2-6 years old in Hefei urban area are relatively high,and some overweight children will become obese children with increasing age. Preventing overweight should be the first step in the prevention of obesity in children,and the younger may get the better results.