从清末检察制度的创立谈法制变革的阻力

The Resistance of Legal Reform from the Perspective of the Establishment of Procuratorial System in Late Qing Dynasty

清末法制变革的倡行者尽管在司法改革的必要性上形成普遍共识,但是对司法权是否应当独立于君权这一关键问题的认知却存在歧义。检察制度在清末得以顺利创立的主要原因在于检察制度的相关内容既与权力争夺的重心关联不大,也不触及传统的伦常纲教,同时还有利于君主利用司法权的分散来操控司法。从清末检察制度创立可以看出,法制变革的最大阻力来自利益相关者对自身利益的维护,如何协调与平衡法制变革相关者之间的利益关系是决定法制变革成败的关键。法制变革的顶层设计必须警惕利益相关者之间的利益纷争对法制变革的阻力,而设计者对自身利益与改革目标两者之间得失权衡所表现出的态度是至关重要的。

Although proponents have reached an agreement on legal system reform in Late Qing Dynasty,they hadn't reach a consensus on whether jurisdiction should be independent from monarchical power.The reasons why procuratorial system has been established successfully in that time were as follows:the contents of procuratorial system have nothing to do with power struggle and ethics.To some extence,procuratorial system was conducive to monarchy at that time.Throughout the establish processes of procuratorial system in Late Qing Dynasty,the greatest resistance for legal reform was conflicts of interests.Coordinate the relationship of interests has became the determinant factor of legal reform.The top-level designers of legal reform should reconcile the conflicts of interests and balance the reform target with self-interest well.