烟草种子携带病原真菌的分离与鉴定

Fungi Isolation and Identification on Tobacco Seeds

采用无菌滤纸培养烟苗的方法对贵州主栽的4个烤烟品种裸种进行了带菌检测,并对种子携带真菌进行了分离与鉴定。结果表明,K326、贵烟4号、韭菜坪2号和南江3号的种子带菌率分别为15%、77.78%、21.67%和61.39%。分离和鉴定发现种子携带的真菌有链格孢菌属(Alternaria sp.)、拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis sp.)、支顶孢属(Acremonium sp.)、柄孢壳属(Zopfiella sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)、镰孢菌属(Fusarium sp.)、青霉菌属(Penicillium sp.)、赤霉菌属(Gibberella sp.)、芽枝孢菌属(Cladosporium sp.)、离蠕孢属(Bipolaris sp.)和Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum等。获得40株真菌中共有22种真菌,优势菌群主要为链格孢属、芽枝孢菌属、镰孢菌属和赤霉菌属。链格孢菌属在4个烤烟品种上均有发现。镰孢菌属主要来自于贵烟4号、韭菜坪2号和南江3号,其中南江3号种子上最多。芽枝孢菌属仅来自贵烟4号。贵烟4号和南江3号种子上的真菌种类和数量较多。这些种子携带真菌的发现对烤烟种子的生产与加工具有重要的意义。

Fungi levels in four tobacco cultivars in Guizhou province were tested on tobacco seedlings that incubated on sterile filter paper. The fungi were isolated and identified. Results showed that fungi levels in K326, Guiyan 4, Jiucaiping 2, and Nanjiang 3 were 15%, 77.78%, 21.67% and 61.39%, respectively. The fungi in those four cultivars included Alternaria sp., Phomopsis sp., Acremonium sp., Zopfiella sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Gibberella sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp., and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum. Forty isolates were isolated all together, in between about 22 different fungi. However, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp. and Gibberella sp. were the dominant fungi. Alternaria sp. were found on all four cultivars; Fusarium sp. were found on Guiyan 4, Jiucaiping 2 and Nanjiang 3, and was dominant on cultivar Nanjing 3. Cladosporium sp. was only found on cultivar Guiyan 4. The number of fungi and number of species were the highest in cultivar Guiyan 4 and Nanjiang 3. Those findings provide important information for tobacco seed production and process.