东西方古代医学气血运行学说的剖析与比较

Analysis and Comparison of Theories of Circulation of Blood and Qi in Both Eastern and Western Ancient Medicines

西方医学的气血运行学说从古埃及开始就建立在尸体解剖的基础上,随着解剖学和生理学的发展而不断改进和完善。然而,中医学有关气血运行的经络学说并不是通过解剖学和生理学方法 建立起来的,因而产生了"经络是客观存在的,还是虚幻的?"之争论。所以,半个多世纪以来国内外人数众多的各个学科的学者们花费了不计其数、无法计量的人力和物力研究经络的本质,探寻经络系统实体化和实质化,并未取得突破性成果。在针灸镇痛和针刺麻醉的可靠效果基础上开展的机制和原理研究获得了毋庸置疑的成果。美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health,NIH)专门召开"关于针灸的公认发展"会议,确认了针灸镇痛的效果,从而使古老的中国针灸疗法在国际上得到认可和运用。所以,针灸镇痛的实验研究为针灸机制和经络本质的研究,乃至其他中医理论的研究树立了榜样。

In ancient Egypt,the theory of circulation of blood and qi was preliminarily established on the basis of cadaver dissection,gradually revised and improved following the progress of anatomy and physiology.However,the ＂Meridian Theory＂ of circulation of blood and qi in Chinese medicine had never been established on the basis of anatomical and physiological studies.Thus a suspicion was aroused, ＂whether the meridians really exist,or artificially assumed by imagination＂ ？ Therefore,in recent one half of a century,numerous scholars at home and abroad spent countless financial capacities and human power to study the essence of Meridians in order to find their material or substantial evidence,but with no breakthrough obtained.Nevertheless,in the 70 th of the last century,studies on mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia won an undoubtedly good result.Hence,the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on pain control was admitted by the ＂Consensus Statement on Acupuncture＂ at an international meeting held by NIH in Dec.1997.Then the old Chinese acupuncture won an international acceptance and application.Therefore,the investigation of mechanism of acupuncture analgesia set up a positive model for future scientific researches on acupuncture mechanisms and essence of Meridians,as well as on other Chinese medical theories.