殷墟出土灰陶器的制作与烧制实验研究

The Experimental Study to the Making and Firing of Grey Pottery Unearthed in the Yin Dynasty Ruins

本文结合考古实证、史料记载、民族学调查资料、陶器岩相学分析以及复原实验等方法,最大可能地去复原殷墟出土灰陶器的制作与烧制技术。复原实验分两大步:一是灰陶器的制作,大致可分为取土、洗土、制作、阴干、修整等几道工序;二是灰陶器的烧制,大致可分为建窑、装窑、烧窑、还原(加牛粪或水)、出窑等几道程序。复原实验历时2年,比较成功地制作和烧制了200余件灰陶器。经过本次复原实验,我们切实了解了殷墟灰陶器的制作工艺和烧制技术。

This study is to reconstruct the manufacturing anti firing techniques of gray wares unearthed from Yinxu on the basis of archaeological, historical, and ethnographic data in combination with ceramic petrographic analysis and experimental reconstruction. It includes two major components： the manufacturing of gray wares, and their firing. The manufacture of gray wares comprises the procurement and proeessing of raw materials, forming. drying in shadow place, and surface treatments. The firing of manufactured wares involves the kiln construction, the placement of wares, controlled firing （including the use of cattle dung or water to create reducing condition）, the removal of wares, and et al. The reconstruction experiment lasted for two years, producing about 200 pieces of gray wares. It has led to a better understanding of the manufacturing and firing techniques of gray wares unearthed from Yinxu.