城市大气污染的风险认知研究评述与展望

Review of Risk Perception on Urban Air Pollution

回顾近二十年来国内外公众对城市大气污染风险认知的相关研究,系统梳理了风险认知状况及影响因素。研究表明,媒体和官方发布的大气污染数据并非公众评判空气质量的主要依据,人们通过自身与污染源的远近、植被覆盖、感官感受、健康状况及日常对话等对空气质量进行判断。公众对周围大气污染的感知与环境中污染物浓度的相关性并不一定高。女性、患有呼吸道疾病和教育程度高的人群更关注大气污染。社会经济因素也尤为重要,人们在判断大气污染时总是参考他们对当地社会经济水平的综合印象。此外,对研究风险认知的定性和定量方法做了对比和评述。最后提出今后我国学者可能拓展的研究方向,如探索公众对污染与健康影响之间因果关系的认知、媒体和信任的作用以及风险认知对行为改变的作用,以期为我国城市大气污染风险认知的研究提供参考。

The authors give a fairly thorough review on papers pubhshed in the recent twenty years relateu to public risk perception on urban air pollution. It Summarized major factors affecting the public＇s risk perception, including the characteristics of risk itself, peripheral environmental conditions, exposure routes, socio-demographic factors, and other individual characteristics. Specifically, the public＇s perceived risk towards air pollution is weakly correlated with scientific air quality data released officially and in media. Instead, it is affected by their proximity to pollution sources, vegetation coverage, physical experiences, health status and anecdotes. Females, those with respiratory diseases, and those more educated are concerned more about air pollution and perceived a higher risk. Socioeconomic factors also affect the public＇s perceived level of risks. Besides, this paper summarizes the quantitative and qualitative methods used to study perceived risk towards air pollution. Finally, future research directions are identified including how the public perceive the causal link between air pollution and health effects, effect of media and trust, and effect of risk perception on behavior.