草乌现代炮制工艺研究

Study on Modern Processing Technologies of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix

目的：比较草乌不同炮制工艺,为草乌优选出一种＂低毒高效＂、简单可行的炮制工艺。方法：采用HPLC法测定草乌现代炮制品中6种生物碱含量,采用滴定法测定其总生物碱含量,以此含量为指标,结合饮片生产情况,评价草乌现代炮制工艺。结果：草乌经浸泡处理后生物碱流失严重,其总单、双酯型生物碱和总生物碱的损失率分别为20.97%、31.13%、14.57%,润湿法能最大限度保留生物碱含量;常压蒸煮法和高压蒸制法的去毒效果最好,其总双酯型生物碱未能检测到,两种高温烘制法含量分别为0.6903 mg/g和0.5575 mg/g,均高于中国药典的限量要求。10种炮制工艺中总单酯型生物碱的含量在0.6336~2.2721 mg/g之间,其中有9种工艺含量均高于中国药典限量要求的0.7 mg/g,而总生物碱的含量在7.8019~11.2078 mg/g之间。结论：草乌经润湿法处理后,其高压蒸制品双酯型生物碱含量符合中国药典要求,总生物碱的含量高,且操作省时可控,是一种较为理想的炮制工艺。

Objective： To compare different processing technologies of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix,and to optimize a kind of ″low toxicity and high efficiency″,simple and practical processing technology for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix.Methods： HPLC method was used to determine the content of six kinds of alkaloids,and titration method to determine the content of total alkaloids.These contents combined with production were used to evaluate the modern processing technologies of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix.Results： There was serious drain of Aconitum alkaloids after treated by soaking,and the loss rates of the content of monoester alkaloids,diester alkaloids and total alkaloid were 20.97%,31.13% and 14.57%,respectively.The content of alkaloids could maximize the retention using wetting method,the best methods for reducing poison were atmospheric pressure and high pressure steaming cooking methods,and its total diester alkaloids content was too low to be detected,the contents of alkaloids in samples of two kinds of high-temperature baking were 0.6903 mg /g and 0.5575 mg /g,which were higher than the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The content of monoester alkaloids was 0.6336 ~2.2721 mg /g of 10 kinds of processing technologies,between which there were nine kinds of processing technologies beyong the Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirement of 0.7 mg /g,while the total alkaloids content was 7.8019 ~ 11.2078 mg /g.Conclusion： The best method for reducing poison is high-pressure steaming,whose content of diester alkaloids can reach the Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirement after treatment of wet autoclaved products,with higher content of total alkaloids.It is simple,controllable,and suitable for processing of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix.