秸秆还田条件下长效氮肥与普通化肥对水稻肥效的对比研究

Comparison of rice fertilizer efficiency between long-lasting fertilizer and ordinary chemical fertilizer under straw manuring

以常规氮肥(尿素)和新型氮肥(稳定性长效氮肥)为研究对象,在前茬小麦秸秆全量还田的条件下,研究了两种不同类型氮肥在不同施用量条件下对水稻氮素吸收、稻谷产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:在相同施肥量的条件下,长效氮肥处理水稻产量高于尿素处理,当施肥量为300 kg/hm^2时,处理间差异不显著,随着施肥量的减少(减量20%和50%),长效氮肥处理稻谷籽粒产量比尿素处理分别增加6.38%和12.63%,差异显著。研究表明:长效氮肥主要通过增加每穗粒数来增加籽粒产量,而且由于每穗粒数的增加,千粒重降低。试验还表明,施用长效氮肥的处理氮素产谷效率、氮肥吸收利用率和氮生产指数均高于尿素处理,说明施用长效氮肥不仅能够增加稻谷产量,而且能够提高氮肥利用效率,降低环境污染的风险。

In order to study the effects of long-lasting nitrogen fertilizer（LF）and ordinary chemical fertilizer（OF）on rice nitrogen uptake,grain yield and fertilizer-N use efficiency,a field trial with wheat straw returning was carried out in Chongming Island,Shanghai.The results showed that grain yields under LF treatments were higher than that under OF treatments with the same amount of fertil-izer.But there was no significant difference between LF and OF,when the fertilization was 300 kg.hm2 .When the fertilizer amount was reduced 20% and 50%,the grain yields were 6.38% and 12.63% higher in LF than that in OF.More ear grain number was the main reason of grain yield increase under LF treatments,which also caused decrease of the thousand grain weight.The experi-ment also indicated that nitrogen grain production efficiency,fertilizer-N use efficiency and nitrogen production index were higher under LF than that under OF,which suggested that the long-lasting nitrogen fertilizer not only raised rice grain yields,but also improved fertilizer-N use efficiency to reduce the risk of environment pollution.