天峻县明亮长脚金龟生活习性及行为观察

Observation of behavior of Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev in Tianjun couty of China

通过田间观察及室内饲养对天峻县明亮长脚金龟的生活习性及行为进行了研究.结果表明,其成虫具有假死性、群集性,对黄色有趋性,喜食沙棘,喜热、喜光,喜欢取食黄颜色的花朵和略带灰绿色的植物叶片,具暴食和耐饥饿能力：雌雄成虫性比为1.3∶1,采取背负式交配,时长20～50 min.雌、雄成虫均可再次交配.雌虫产卵于地势高、向阳、不易积水的牧草、灌木根部附近的土壤中,深度8～12 cm.卵散产,数量多为8～10粒.产卵深度因土壤湿度、质地不同而异;成虫在一天中从09：00开始活动,16：00数量达到高峰,20：00停止活动;具飞翔能力,飞行距离可达1 km以上：成虫虫体对水不亲和.幼虫共3龄,均生活于地下.夏、秋季于地表下8～20 cm处,取食植物幼嫩的根系;秋后下潜越冬,春季复苏上移并取食.老熟幼虫筑土室化蛹.蛹室长约l cm,宽约0.7 cm,长圆形.

Behavior of Hoplia spectabilis Medvedev was studied by field observation and feed in lab in Tianjun county. The results were followed： adult of H. spectabilis had characteristics of playing dead, aggregation, phototaxis and yellow and hot tropism. The adult liked eating hippophae rhamnoides, and yellow flower and a little celadon plant leaf with abili- ty of gluttony and hunger-resistance. Ratio of female and male was 1.3：1. H. spectabilis were mating with the male on the female＇ s back and lasted about 20-50 min., both of the female and male could mate twice. The female oviposited dispers- edly at higher soil around root of grazing and shrub with sunshine but without catchment. Depth of its oviposition depend- ing on soil humidity and type was about 8-12 cm, and quantity was 8-10 granules. The adult begun to move at 09：00, the quantity reached peak at 16：00 and stopped at 20：00. The adult can fly with the distance beyond lkm and its body was not amphiphatic to water. The larva lived under ground with 3 instars, ate plant tender root 8-20 cm below ground in summer and autumn, went down for overwintering after autumn and went up to eat in spring. Old larva pupated in ellipse soil room with length of lcm and width of 0.7 cm.