贵州赤水苗族体部体质特征

Physical traits of the body of Chishui Miao ethnicity in Guizhou

目的：本文探讨贵州赤水市苗族成年人体部体质特征，比较分析该苗族群体男女体质特征与其他10个族群的差异，并了解其亲缘关系，为我国苗族体质人类学研究提供基础资料和数据。方法采用体质特征观察、测量法对299例（男性146例，女性153例）赤水苗族成年人（20～60岁）进行活体观察及测量，运用SPSS18．0统计软件进行数据处理。结果男、女性间除中指长和内踝下点高无显著差异外（ P＞0．05），其他19项肢体长指标均有显著或极显著差异（0．01＜P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．05）；男性中躯干型较多（55．5％）、女性长躯干型较多（39．9％）；手型分型男性宽手型较多（44．4％），女性窄手型较多（39．9％）；腿型分型男性亚长腿型较多（占33．6％），女性中腿型较多（35．3％）；身材多属矮型身材（男37．0％，女54．9％）。结论赤水苗族群体男、女性均与习水苗族最接近，与仫佬族差异最大。

Objective To accumulate data for the physical anthropology research of Miao ethnicity adults , and find out the kinship and difference between this group and the other 10 ethnicities.Methods Viviperception and measurement were used to study the caudomedial part traits in 299 Miao ethnicity adults （146 males and 153 females ） who lived in Chishui city in Guizhou , and statistical software SPSS18.0 was used to process data .Results Apart from length of middle finger , the height of medial malleolus subpoint , and the rest 19 indices between male and female had significant difference or great significant difference （0.01 〈P 〈0.05or P 〈0.05）.Great majority of males were trunk types （ 55.5%） and more females tended to be the long trunk type （ 39.9%） .Most of males belonged to wide chirality （44.40%） while more females tended to be narrow chirality （39.9%）.More males were submakroskelic type （33.6%） and majority of females tended to be mesatiskelic type （35.3%）.Males and females tended to the hypermicrosoma （males 37.0%, females 54.9%） .Conclusion The physical character of the Miao ethnicity males and females living in Chishui city is positively related to the Miao ethnicity in Xishui .There is significant difference between Miao and Mulao ethnicity .