镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究现状与展望

Status and Prospect of Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloys

镁合金具有密度低、比强度高、导热性好等显著优点,在汽车、轨道交通和兵器等行业中的应用前景非常广阔,而传统的铆接和熔化焊等连接方法质量较差,从而限制了其应用。作为有色金属"焊接专家"的搅拌摩擦焊,相比传统的连接方法有着不可比拟的优势,因此镁合金搅拌摩擦焊已经引起国内外学者的广泛重视。介绍了搅拌摩擦焊的基本原理和接头质量影响因素,详细总结了国内外镁合金搅拌摩擦焊在微观组织、力学性能和塑性流动方面的研究现状,指出了国内外学者已取得的研究成果和不足,点明了焊接接头力学性能的检测标准和材料的真实流动还需进一步地研究与探讨,最后在异种材料的焊接、搅拌头的优化设计和数值模拟等方面对镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的发展前景进行了展望。

As magnesium alloy had low density,high specific strength and good thermal conductivity,its application prospect in automotive,rail transit,weapon industry is very broad. However,its traditional joint method such as riveting and fusion welding had a poor quality to limit application. Friction stir welding（ FSW） had an incomparable advantage compared with traditional joint; therefore,FSW of magnesium alloy attracted wide attention. In this article,fundamental principles of friction-stir welding and influencing factors of welded joint quality were briefly introduced. Research development on microstructure of weld joints,mechanical properties of friction stir welds and material plastic flow in FSW of magnesium alloys were summarized. And it indicated research achievement and insufficience. Also it was pointed out that testing standard of mechanical properties and real flow should be further investigated. Finally,the prospect of FSW of magnesium alloys was brought forward,including the welding of dissimilar materials,the stir tool optimization design and numerical simulation etc.