典型草原区达乌尔鼠兔繁殖生态学的初步研究

The Preliminary Study on Breeding Ecology of Ochotona dauurica in Typical Steppe

达乌尔鼠兔（Ochotona dauurica）是我国典型草原区的主要鼠种之一,对其繁殖特征知之甚少。作者于2009年7~11月和2010年4~9月在内蒙古典型草原区采用整洞群夹捕的取样方法捕获了199只达乌尔鼠兔,对其种群数量、性比、繁殖特征和年龄结构进行了研究。结果显示：2009年捕获鼠兔数量118只,2010年81只;雌鼠数量显著多于雄鼠;达乌尔鼠兔的繁殖期为3~9月,高峰期集中在4~6月份,平均胎仔数为（6.15±0.50）只（n=13）;2009年的7~9月幼年和亚成年个体比例均小于50%,成年个体成为种群的重要成分;2010年幼体主要集中在5~7月份,且6月和7月幼体和亚成体的数量超过了成年鼠兔的数量,8~9月份种群的主要成员为亚成年和成年鼠兔。达乌尔鼠兔种群繁殖特征是对草原环境适应的体现。

Daurian pika（ Ochotona dauurica） is a key species in typical steppe,however,its reproduction knowledge is little understood yet. We captured Daurian pika with snap trap every month between August and October in 2009 and between April and September in 2010 in Abaga Qi,Xilinhot City,Inner Mongolia of China. We analyzed the population size,sex ratio,reproduction and age structure by chi-square test. The results show that population size in 2009（ 118） was larger than that in 2010（ 81）; the sex ratio is biased to female in total,but not significantly different from 1 ∶ 1 in each month,except the in August in 2009; the breeding females mainly occurred in April,May and June,that indicated that the breeding period was from March to September and peaked from April to June. The average litter size was 6. 15 ± 0. 50（ n = 13）,and juveniles and subadults took a small part in the population from July to September in 2009. However,morejuveniles and subadults in the population was observed from June to July in 2010. Subadults and adults formed a major part of the population in August and September. The population reproductive parameters reflect of the adaptation of Daurian pika＇s to the typical steppe habitat.