拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离和颜色选择

Vision Distance and Color Selection of Pardosa pseudoannulata

为了探明拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)的视觉距离与环境颜色选择情况,采用死果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)和拟环纹豹蛛为实验材料,自制实验设备,分别测定了拟环纹豹蛛的视觉距离(3 cm、4 cm、5 cm、6 cm、7 cm)和其对红、橙、黄、绿颜色的选择。第一组实验,在拟环纹豹蛛饥饿的情况下,观察记录其对不同距离果蝇的选择停留时间,以此来确定其视觉距离。第二组实验,观察记录拟环纹豹蛛对不同颜色的选择停留时间,以此来确定其对环境颜色选择情况。第一组实验结果表明,拟环纹豹蛛在视觉上可以感知距离,其对于3、4、5、6 cm这4个距离的果蝇都具有敏感性。拟环纹豹蛛对距离3 cm和距离4 cm果蝇的视觉敏感性相近且最好,对距离5 cm和距离6 cm的果蝇仍具有视觉敏感性,且敏感性相近,但对距离5 cm比距离4 cm的果蝇的偏爱选择指数明显下降(P<0.05),说明敏感性显著下降,对距离7 cm以上果蝇的视觉感知几乎不存在。拟环纹豹蛛选择停留在有果蝇处的标准曲线为y=-9.6770x+118.74,R2=0.837 8,选择停留在无果蝇处的标准曲线y=9.675 0x-18.729,R2=0.837 7,随着与果蝇距离的增加,拟环纹豹蛛视觉的感知性逐渐减弱,甚至消失,说明与果蝇的距离与拟环纹豹蛛视觉的敏感性呈负相关关系。第二组拟环纹豹蛛对颜色选择的实验中,计算出拟环纹豹蛛对4种颜色的偏爱选择指数,红色为35.40%±1.60%,绿色36.03%±1.60%,黄色18.01%±1.60%,橙色10.56%±1.60%,即拟环纹豹蛛对黄色和橙色的敏感性显著低于对红色和绿色的敏感性(P<0.05),其对红色和绿色最敏感,说明拟环纹豹蛛对不同波长的光色敏感性存在差异。

Vision distance and color selection of Pardosa pseudoannulata were studied by distance effect testing（ 3 cm,4 cm,cm,6 cm,7 cm） and color effect testing（ redness,orange,yellowness,greenness）. The testings were carried out by using P. pseudoannulata and dead Drosophila melanogaster as experiment materials and two different groups of experiment equipments devised by ourselves. To confirm P. pseudoannulata＇s vision distance. The choice time of D. melanogaster in the different distances was ovbserved and recorded when P.pseudoannulata was hungry. Besiders,P. pseudoannulata＇s choice time of different colors was ovbserved and recorded to test its color selection. Preference selection index（ PSI） was used to express P. pseudoannulata＇schoice situation,which meaned P. pseudoannulata＇s choice time of D. melanogaster in the different distances or one color as percentage of total testing time. PSI was tested by the One-way ANOVA test. From results of the first group testing,it is found that：（ 1） P. pseudoannulata had distance perception in vision and they had sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of three,four,five and six centimeters.（ 2） P.pseudoannulata had the best and similar sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of three amd four centimeters. However,the sensitivity of vision for the D. melanogaster in the distance of five centimeters exhibited significant decrease（ P 0. 05）. For the D. melanogaster in the distance of five and six centimeters,P. pseudoannulataalso had similar sensitivity. P. pseudoannulata＇s sensitivity of vision almost defunctionalized in the distance over seven centimeters.（ 2） The standard curve of P. pseudoannulata＇ s choice time of D.melanogaster in the different distances： y =- 9. 677 0x ＋ 118. 74,R2= 0. 837 8 and the standard curve of P.pseudoannulata＇s choice time of‘none D. melanogaster＇in the different distances： y = 9. 675 0x- 18. 729,R2= 0. 837 7 suggested that sensitivity of P. pseudoannulata＇s vision decreases correspondingly with an increase of D. melanogaster＇s distance. The other group testing gave the PSI of choosing color were 35. 40% ± 1. 60%（ redness）,36.03% ± 1.60%（ greenness）,18.01% ± 1.60%（ yellowness）,and 10.56% ± 1.60%（ orange）. Sensitivity to yellowness and orange were significantly lower than to redness and greenness（ P 0. 05）,indicating that they have the highest sensitivity to redness and greenness. It meaned P. pseudoannulat had different level sensitivity for different wavelength light.