论自然资源国家所有权的法律创设

Creation of State Ownership of Natural Resources

自然资源因其巨大的利用价值而被纳入法律的调整范围,法律调整自然资源的主要制度就是为自然资源创设所有权,而自然资源的国家所有渐成自然资源所有权制度的核心。之所以如此,是因为这些自然资源构成人类生存与生活的基础和保障,本质上应归属全民所有,法律上创设为国家所有是为了赋予国家对全民所有资源的管理与保护职责,这种"法律上国家所有,实质上全民所有"的双重所有是公共信托理论在自然资源管理领域的应用。我国宪法第9条第1款关于自然资源"双重所有"的规定应从公共信托的角度去解读,我国资源立法上应当以公共信托理论作为创设自然资源国家所有权的依据并应以此为基础展开自然资源国家所有权的制度设计,同时,应当将国家所有的自然资源合理划分为中央与地方的两级所有与分别代表。

Natural resources are governed by law because of their big value,the main system of natural resources law is the creation of natural resources ownership. State ownership of natural resources gradually becomes the core legal system of natural resources law. It is because natural resources are the basis and protection of human survival and living,and belong to all the people by nature. The purpose of creation of state ownership is in order to to oblige government to manage and protect natural resources. The ＂owned by the state legally,but owned by the people essentially＂ is the application of the public trust theory in the field of natural resource management. The ＂double ownership＂ of Article 9 paragraph 1 of the Constitution shall be interpreted on the public trust theory. China＇s natural resources legislation shall also be designed on the basis of the public trust theory,and state owned natural resources shall be reasonably divided as two parts,which shall be owned and represented by the central government and local government respectively.