人民陪审制改革向何处去?——司法目的论视域下中国陪审制功能定位与改革前瞻

The Direction of the Chinese People's Jury System Reform——A Refl ection from the Teleological Perspective on the Roles of Chinese Jury System and Future Reforming

我国法院系统一直热衷于推进人民陪审制改革,但陪审员"陪而不审"的老问题依然存在。而且法院根据自身需要利用陪审制,导致陪审员角色多元。陪审制与中国社会日渐疏离,其生命力堪忧。究其原因,是立法没有明确陪审制的目的,社会对陪审制的作用存在多元期待,陪审制功能定位模糊,为法院的目标所置换。因为缺乏目的论的指引,理论研究多滑向拿来主义或"存在即合理"的两个极端。陪审制的目的应该是社会期待的最大公约数,即"让裁判体现民意"。人民陪审制改革的方向应该是:成为司法过程中的公共领域。陪审制的价值在于:让民意有序进入司法,加重法官论证负担,激活司法的沟通理性,用社会日常生活经验和朴素正义观来保证法官的判断符合常识,保障司法的公共理性。

China＇s court has been keen to promote the people＇s jury system reforms. However,the longexisted problem that the jurors ＂accompany without trial＂ still exists. Furthermore,different courts use the jury system according to their needs,which makes the juror roles diverse. The jury system alienates from the society,and its vitality weakens gradually. The reason is there is no clear legislative purpose of the jury system;the function of the jury is vague;and it＇s target is replaced by the courts. Because of the lack of teleological guidelines,many studies slide to two extremes—— Copinism or ＂Existence is reasonable＂. The purpose of the jury system should be the greatest common divisor of social expectations,that is,＂let the referee reflects public opinion＂. The direction of the jury system reform should be：to become the public domain in the judicial process. The value of the jury system is to let the public opinion enter the judicial procedure in order,to make the judge＇s reasoning burden heavier,and to activate the communicative rationality of justice with the social everyday experience and the feeling of simple justice,and to ensure the judgment conform to common sense and public reason.