我国农机化技术推广体系发展问题探讨

Study on the development of the technology extension system of agricultural mechanization in China

分析了中国农机化技术推广体系发展历程、作用、现状,研究了中国农业机械化发展进入新阶段后农业机械化技术推广面临的形势、任务和目前推广体系存在的问题,在此基础上,提出了新时期推进中国农机化技术推广体系建设的主要思路和对策。作者指出,新时期农业机械化技术推广要适应农业机械化全程化、全面化发展的要求,依照国家确立的公益性推广与经营性推广分类管理的原则,在按照公益定位加强国家推广机构建设的同时,充分发挥市场机制作用,激励、引导社会力量投身技术推广服务事业,着力将解决国家推广机构目前还不同程度存在的体制不顺、机制不活、保障不够、活力不足等问题,与解决其他主体承担的经营性推广发展不够、作用发挥不足等问题结合起来,通过加强基层国家公益性技术推广机构建设、发展经营性技术推广事业、构建公益性推广与经营性推广协调发展的机制、转变技术推广方式等措施,进一步建设完善农机化技术推广体系,引领支撑农业机械化加快发展。

The development status of agricultural mechanization technology extension system in China have been discussed in this paper. After analyzing the trend, task and problems of agricultural mechanization technology extension system in the new stage of Chinese agricultural mechanization development, major ideas and countermeasures of promoting agricultural mechanization technology extension system are suggested. This paper points out that with agricultural mechanization stepping into new period of whole-processes and comprehensive development, agricultural mechanization technology extension needs to meet the requirements of agricultural mechanization development in the new stage. It should be processed based on the principles of classification management ac-cording to public welfare promotion and profitability promotion established by the State, and focusing on strengthening the construction of national extension institutions which are devoted to public welfare. At the same time, it is better to play the role of market mechanisms fully, encourage and guide the social or-ganizations to join the technology extension services. Moreover, we should concentrate on solving the problems of imperfect system, inactive mechanism, insuf-ficient security and not enough dynamism. Meanwhile, other problems like inadequate role of profitability promotion played by other organizations should also be solved. Some measures should be taken like strengthening the construction of national non-profit technology extension institution at the grassroots level,developing profit technology extension institution, building the coordinated development mechanism of non-profit and profit extension, transforming the tech-nology extension patterns and etc. Agricultural mechanization technology extension system will be further constructed and improved, and finally lead to and support the rapid development of agricultural mechanization.