蒙皮材料静电起电理论分析及实验验证

Electrification Theory and Experimental Research of Aerial Vehicle Skin Material

飞行器在飞行过程中会因与空间粒子的摩擦等原因在其表面积累大量静电。为了减小静电积累对飞行器及机载设备的影响,对飞行器蒙皮材料与空间粒子的摩擦起电特性进行了研究。首先以固体接触分离起电为基础,推导出了摩擦起电电位的计算公式。计算结果表明:材料静电电位随时间以负指数规律增加并逐步趋近饱和值,该饱和值与材料的性质有关,并与摩擦速度的1.8次幂和接触面积成正比。为验证计算结果,以某飞行器的蒙皮材料为研究对象进行了摩擦起电实验。在连续测试的实验中发现:材料起电电位的饱和值会逐渐降低;不同材料和不同摩擦速度时静电电位饱和值的变化情况证实了计算得到的金属材料摩擦起电电位与材料摩擦系数和接触面积的对应关系。

A flying aerial vehicle will have its surface charged with electrostatic charges due to the friction with space particles and some other reasons. In order to reduce the possible damage from the electrostatic problem, we investigated this electrostatic charge process of aerial vehicle＇s surface. We derived an expression of the friction-induced electrostatic potential based on the charging process of separating contacted solid objects. Calculation using the expression indicates that electrostatic potential increases with time in a law of negative index, gradually approaches to a saturation value, which is related to the nature of the surface material, and is proportional to the contacted area and the 1.8th power of fric- tion velocity. A friction charging experiment is conducted using different aerial vehicle surface materials to verify the calculation conclusions. Continuous measurement results of the experiment show that the saturation value gradually de- creases, and it varies with the material and the friction velocity, verifying the results obtained from the calculation.