拉鲁湿地夏秋季纤毛虫群落特征及其与水环境的关系

Community characteristics of ciliates and water environment evaluation in Lhalu wetland during summer and autumn

为了解西藏拉鲁湿地夏、秋季纤毛虫群落结构及水环境质量变化特征,于2011年7、10月和2012年7、10月,用活体镜检和固定染色相结合的方法,对拉鲁湿地夏、秋季纤毛虫物种多样性及群落结构特征进行了研究。鉴定纤毛虫110种(包括15个未定名种),隶属于3纲13目44科53属;下毛目和前口目为优势类群,核残迹目和合膜目为偶见类群,其余为常见类群;优势种类夏季有毛板壳虫(Coleps hirtu)、珍珠映毛虫(Cinetochilum margaritaceum)、旋回侠盗虫(Strobilidium gyrans);秋季无优势种类;拉鲁湿地夏、秋季纤毛虫群落结构复杂,物种组成与分布呈现高度的时空异质性;平均多样性指数秋季(3.3)高于夏季(2.7);纤毛虫群落特征参数与水环境主要理化因子的二元变量相关性分析显示,夏季纤毛虫物种数和群落结构与水温呈极显著负相关;综合评价显示,拉鲁湿地水环境受到轻度污染。

To understand the variation characteristics of ciliate community and aquatic environ- ment quality of Lhalu wetland in Tibet during summer and autumn, the ciliate species diversity and community structure were investigated by using site sampling, direct observation （in vivo） and fixed-staining methods in July and October of 2011 and 2012. A total of 110 ciliate species were identified, including 15 uncertain species, belonging to 53 genera, 44 families, 13 orders and 3 classes. Hypotrichida and Prostomatida were the dominant groups; Karyorelictida and Syn- hymeniida were occasional groups; the others were common groups. Coleps hirtu, Cinetochilum margaritaceum, and Strobilidium gyrans were the dominant species in summer. There were no dominant species in autumn. The distribution of ciliate species in the Lhalu wetland showed high heterogeneity temporally and spatially. The average species diversity index was higher in autumn （3.3） than in summer （2.7）. The analysis of correlation between the community structure and major water environmental variables suggested that water temperature was the major factor control- ling the variations of ciliate community structure in summer. Evaluation of water quality showed that the water quality of the Lhalu wetland was slightly disturbed by human activities.