进京农民工的语言能力与城市融入——基于适应性区群抽样数据的分析

Language Skills and Urban Integration of Migrant Workers in Beijing——Analysis Based on the Adaptive Cluster Sampling Data

结合北京市城八区农民工适应性区群抽样数据，本文分析了作为一项人力资本和一种意义符号的语言能力（普通话水平）分别对农民工经济收入和社会交往的影响效应及可能的影响路径。研究发现，普通话熟练的农民工能够获得高于不熟练者21～40％的月收入，即使控制了教育、工作经验等其他人力资本变量，语言能力的影响依然显著。普通话熟练者在工作培训、职业技能、自我价值意识、工作适应等方面有更好的表现，这可能是他们能够获得更高收入回报的中间路径。与此不同的是，普通话熟练并未对农民工社会交际网络和生活空间的拓展带来显著影响。语言在农民工城市融入过程中的作用值得深入探讨。

Based on the adaptive cluster sample data of migrant workers in eight districts of Beijing city, the article analyzes the effect and possible influence ways of migrant workers＇ language skills as the human capital and symbol on their income and social interaction respectively. According to the result, fluent speakers of mandarin earned 21% ~ 40% more than the non-fluent. Even when we control some human capital variables such as education and work experience, language skills still have a significant impact. It is partly because fluent language skills bore a positive association with worktraining, job skills, sense of self-value, work adjustment and so on that it＇s the middle path in which they can get higher return of income. In contrast, fluent language skills don t have a significant impact on migrant workers＇ social interaction. The role of the language in migrant workers＇ urban integration needs in-depth study.