红壤生态学

Initial exploration of red soil ecology

红壤是一种重要类型的土壤,面积大、分布广,条件优越,开发利用潜力巨大。当前,红壤退化严重、生态环境问题突出,亟待研究治理。建立红壤生态学,将红壤生态学的理论与技术运用到红壤的生态治理、环境改善及其合理开发利用中,既是现实需要又是形势所迫,势在必行。红壤生态学是由土壤学与生态学交叉、复合而形成的一门新兴、边缘农业应用科学,是土壤生态学的一个分支学科。红壤生态学以红壤为研究对象,探索红壤生态系统中生物与生物、生物与环境、环境因子与环境因子之间的相互关系及其作用机理,深入揭示红壤生态系统的结构、功能、演变规律及调控措施,最终目标是要实现红壤资源的可持续利用和红壤生态系统的可持续发展。红壤生态学着重研究以下7个方面的内容:(1)红壤生态系统的结构;(2)红壤生态系统的功能;(3)红壤生态系统的演变;(4)红壤生态系统的退化;(5)红壤生态系统的平衡;(6)红壤生态系统的调控;(7)红壤资源的开发利用。红壤生态学具有以下几个明显的特征:交叉性与边缘性、复合性与综合性、实践性与应用性、理论性与学术性、多样性与复杂性、层次性与系统性,以及长期性与战略性。今后,红壤生态学将向着规范化、数字化、高效化、国际化方向发展。为促进红壤生态学的又好又快发展,应采取以下战略对策:一是培养专门人才;二是增加物质投入;三是建设研发平台;四是加强交流合作;五是勇于开拓创新。

Red soil is an important, widely distributed soil type covering a large area in China. Red soil is highly fertile, with great potential for exploitation, and plays an important role in China＇s sustainable agricultural, economic and social development. Red soil is found in 16 provinces to the south of the Yangtze River, an area of 2,180,000 km2, accounting for nearly 23% of the total land area of the country, while the area of red soil is 1,480,000 km2 and accounts for 15.4% of the total soil area of the country. Red soil degradation is a serious ecological and environmental problem that requires urgent research and governance. Establishment of red soil ecology, red soil ecological theory and technology is necessary for improved ecological management, environmental improvement and rational development and use of red soil. For practical reasons, it is imperative that research proceeds rapidly in this area. Red soil ecology is a branch of soil ecology, a cross between soil science and ecology, and constitutes the formation of a complex new branch of applied agricultural science. Ecological studies using red soil are required to explore the relationships between soil organisms and microorganisms, biological and environmental factors, and edaphic factors of red soil. In-depth studies are required to determine the role of these factors in the structure and function of the red soil ecosystem and to aid in the development of sustainable control measures. The ultimate goal is to achieve sustainable use of red soil resources and sustainable development of the red soilecosystems. Red soil ecology focuses on the following seven areas, including 1 ） red soil ecosystem structure, 2） red soil ecosystem features, 3） evolution of the red soil ecosystem, 4） degradation of red soil ecosystems, 5 ） red soil ecosystem regulation, 6） red soil ecology and 7） the development and use of red soil resources. Red soil ecology is an applied science. The ultimate aim of the establishment of red soil ecology and red soil ecological studies is the scientific, rational and efficient development and use of red soil resources. Red soil ecological studies aim to enhance agricultural productivity in the red soil region and provide a scientific and technical basis for promoting comprehensive economic and socially sustainable development of red soil. Red soil ecology has several distinct features： it is 1 ） overlapping and marginal, 2） complex and comprehensive, 3） both practical and applied, 4） theoretical and academic, 5） diverse and complex, 6） hierarchical and systematic, and 7） long-term and strategic. In the future, red soil ecology will develop towards standardization, digitization, efficiency and an international direction. Several obvious trends in red soil ecology will occur in the future： 1 ） muhidisciplinary approaches will be applied, 2） more scientific and technical personnel will be working in this area, 3） studies will be more in-depth and 4） research methods will move from the qualitative to the quantitative. The move to quantitative research methods will be an important direction for the future development of red soil ecology and will be an important indicator of maturity in this field. To promote sound and rapid development of red soil ecology, we should take the following strategic measures： 1 ） train specialized personnel, 2 ） increase material inputs, 3 ） build research and development platforms, 4） strengthen exchanges and cooperation, 5） encourage researchers to blaze new trails.