论内陆干旱区依赖地下水的植被生态需水量研究关键科学问题

Major Scientific Issues on Water Demand Studying for Groundwater-Dependent Vegetation Ecosystems in Inland Arid Regions

地下水资源在内陆干旱区具有重要的植被生态功能,依赖地下水的植被生态系统的需水量是目前流域水资源综合管理的重要组成部分.在分析地下水资源生态功能研究进展的同时,系统阐述了内陆干旱区依赖地下水的植被生态需水量研究的几个关键科学问题:1依赖地下水的植被生态系统的识别方法;2地下水对植被生态系统作用机制的分析;3地下水关键属性安全界限的确定;4地下水系统结构分析;5生态用水配置方案的确定;6区域尺度地下水-天然植被系统关系的概念模型.并逐一提出了这些问题的解决方案,能够为干旱区植被生态系统保护和恢复提供思路,也能够为水资源开发利用与以植被生态系统保护为中心的干旱区生态文明建设提供地学支撑.

Groundwater in inland arid regions has important functions in vegetation ecology. The water demand of groundwater dependent vegetation ecosystems is an important part of the integrated management of watershed water resources. Advances in studies of ecological function of groundwater resources are reviewed in this paper, and the major key scientific issues in water demand studies of groundwater-dependent vegetation ecosystems in inland arid regions are proposed： ① identification method of groundwater-dependent vegetation ecosystems, ② mechanism of groundwater on vegetation ecosystem, ③ safety limits of the groundwater key attributes, ④ groundwater system structural analysis, ⑤ ecological water allocation plan, ⑥conceptual model of the relationship on groundwater-natural vegetation system in regional scale. Potential approaches to solve the problems are discussed, which can provide not only ideas for vegetation protection and restoration of ecosystems in arid regions, but also scientific support for improving ecological civilization.