浒苔规模化人工育苗技术研究

Studies on the technology of artificial breeding of Ulva prolifera on a large scale

研究了浒苔（Ulva prolifera）人工育苗技术全过程。首先研究了室内育苗浒苔藻体孢子放散的最适温度及藻体密度,孢子附着及萌发的最适温度与光照强度,浒苔苗网下海养殖小苗最适长度。结果显示：浒苔在温度25℃、藻体密度为0.8 g/L时藻体放散孢子量最大,温度为20℃、晴天[光照强度〉300μmol/（m2·s）]时浒苔孢子附着及萌发效果最好,浒苔幼苗海区养殖的适宜藻体长度为1-3 cm。根据以上育苗技术参数,2013年12月10日至2014年1月26日,在浙江象山港河伯所村奉化益珍海藻科技有限公司进行了浒苔规模化人工育苗试验,并初步建立了浒苔规模化人工育苗技术。本次规模化育苗共用6.6 kg新鲜藻体,共放散了17.82×1010个孢子,平均每克藻体放散孢子量高达2.7×107个;共采苗2 000张苗帘（规格16 m×1 m）,平均每张网帘附有8.64×107个孢子;网苗经20℃室内培育,7 d萌发达到最高峰,平均20棵苗/cm,小苗长度最长可达3 cm,达到出海养殖要求。育苗全过程共为45 d。该研究为浒苔规模化人工育苗技术建立奠定了坚实基础。

In this paper, the artificial breeding technology of Ulva prolifera on a large scale was studied. Firstly, the effects of temperature and thallus density on the releasing of spores from blades of U. prolifera, and effects of temperature and light intensity on attaching and germination of spores from U. prolifera blades were studied. The results indicated that the quantity of spores releasing from blades of U. prolifera reached the highest when temperature was at 25 ℃ and thallus density was 0.8 g/L; the optimum temperature and light intensity for attaching and germinating of spores released from blades of U. prolifera were 20 ℃ and sunny days[ light intensity 〉300 μmol/（m2 · s）] ; and when seedling length reached up to 1 -3 cm, it was good for seedlings on nets moving and cultivateing at coast. From Dec 10, 2013 to Jan 26, 2014, the artificial breeding experiment in U. prolifera on a large scale was carried out in Yizhen Seaweed Technology Co. , Ltd. , Hebosuo Village, Xiangshan Harbor, Fenghua County, Zhejiang Province, China. Basing on the key parameters of artificial breeding, and the technology of artificial breeding in U. prolifera on a large scale was initially established. About 17.82 × 10^10 spores were released from 6.6 kg fresh thallus, and the average spores releasing rate was about 2.7 × 10^7 spores /g. Totle about 2 000 nets （ 16 m length x 1.0 m width） were used for breeding, and average spores attaching rate was about 8.64 × 10^7 spores/net. After breeding for 7 days, the germinating rate of spores attaching on nets reached the peak, and the average seedlings density on rope was about 20 seedlings/cm, and the longest of seedlings was about 3 cm. Those parameters met the requests for seedlings cultivating at coast. Whole breeding took 45 days. It would lay a foundation for establishing the artificial breeding technology of U. prolifera on a large scale.