乌伦古河流域水文特征

Hydrological Characteristics in the Ulungur River Basin

以乌伦古河流域所处地理位置和气候特征为背景,通过乌伦古河流域各水文和气象站1960—2010年实测资料和相关文献,对流域内降水、径流、洪水、水质等特性进行分析。研究表明流域水文特征表现为:1径流是以季节性积雪融水补给为主、以夏季降水混合补给为辅的春汛型河流,汛期来得早,5—6月水量占年水量的60%左右。2枯水期较长,其水量占年水量的10%左右,最小月水量仅占1%左右,而且水量年际变化大,这两点对水利发电和发展农牧业灌溉十分不利,需要建控制性水利工程,对径流进行人工调节。3河流含沙量相对较小,且主要发生在4—6月的洪水期,其含沙量占全年的95%。4河流冬季结冰期较长,这对冬季水利发电、水利工程施工带来一定的影响。5水质属于优良的天然水质,但流域的水生态环境比较脆弱,需要加强对污染环境的管理及其治理。

In this paper, the characteristics of precipitation, runoff, flood, water quality and other parameters in the Ulungur River Basin, Xinjiang were analyzed by referring to the geographical features and climate characteris- tics based on the measured data and related documents from the hydrological and meteorological stations in the drainage basin during the period from 1960 to 2010. The results are as follows：（1） The river was mainly fed by sea- sonal suow melt water and subsidiarily by the mixed supply of precipitation and seasonal snow melt water in sum- mer, flood occurs generally in spring, especially in early spring, and the proportion of runoff volume in May and June accounted for about 60% of the annual runoff volume ;（2） The drought period was long, the proportion of runoff volume in this period accounted for only about 10% of the annual runoff volume, the proportion of minimum month- ly runoff volume accounted for only about 1%, and the difference of annual runoff volume was significant. These were very disadvantageous for hydropower generation and developing local agricultural and pastoral irrigation, and it was suggested to build the water control projects for artificially regulating runoff; （3） The silt discharge of the river was low and occurred mainly in flood season from April to June, and its proportion in this season occupied 95 % of annual silt discharge ; （4） The ice period of the river in winter was long, and this was disadvantageous for hydropower generation and constructing water conservancy projects;（5） The water quality was fine, the ecological environment in the drainage basin, however, was fragile, and it was suggested to enhance the management of water resources and improve the environment in the drainage basin.