湄洲湾海域环境雌激素的污染特征及生态风险评估

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of environmental estrogens in Meizhou Bay

2011年8月,对湄洲湾海域表层水体中雌激素类化合物（EDCs）进行了调查。在湄洲湾表层水体中,仅检出雌三醇（E3）、双酚A（BPA）和4-壬基酚（NP）三种EDCs,其总浓度范围为：（15.47~1997.74）ng/L,平均值为274.64±545.91 ng/L。以BPA和NP为主雌激素污染处于中等的水平,湄洲湾中部密集工业污水排放是其主要来源。BPA的浓度从湾内向湾外有逐渐递减的趋势,NP的浓度在大多数站位水平相当,湄洲湾的水动力条件及沿岸的化工企业污水排放影响其的分布。利用商值法得出湄洲湾BPA的残留水平存在生态风险,联合雌激素效应作用可能对该区域的生态环境造成危害。

Environmental estrogens are typical endocrine disruptors （EDCs） that ubiquitously exist in the environment, the occurrence of estrogens in the aquatic environment has become a major concern worldwide because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. So far, there has been no information about estrogenic levels in Meizhou Bay. To fill this void, the concentrations of eight environmental estrogenic compounds were determined with liquid chromatography tandem mass analyses in surface water of Meizhou Bay. Three selected estrogenic compounds （ estriol, bisphenol A, nonylphenol ） were detected in most of the samples, with their concentrations range from 15.47 to 1997.74 ng/L （normal average 277.00 ± 544.91 ng/L）. The dominant EDCs pollutions were bisphenol A and nonylphenol with the concentrations in medium level, and the sewage discharges from intensive industrial zones in Meizhou Bay were the major source. The concentrations of bisphenol A from inside to outside of Meizhu Bay were decreased gradually, while the concentration of nonylphenol were in similar level, their distributions were influenced by the industrial discharges and hydrodynamic conditions in Meizhou Bay. The potential ecological risk assessment of EDCs showed that the ecological risks were low.