中山市农村已婚妇女妇科病患病情况调查及其影响因素分析

The status of gynecological disease prevalence and its influencing factors among rural married women of Zhongshan

目的探讨中山市农村已婚妇女的妇科病患病情况及其影响因素,为开展有效的农村妇女保健工作提供科学依据。方法在中山市随机抽取4个镇,每个镇按6%的比例,共抽取2 680名50岁以下已婚妇女进行问卷调查和妇科体格检查,并对该市妇科病的患病情况、妇女保健需求情况以及影响因素进行分析。结果中山市农村已婚妇女的妇科病总患病率为51.3%,妇科病排前三位的分别是阴道炎(35.8%)、宫颈炎(27.4%)和盆腔炎(13.9%);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,文化程度(OR=0.451)、保健知识获取(OR=0.318)、人工流产(OR=2.091)和定期妇检(OR=0.920)是妇科疾病的主要影响因素;在保健需求方面,已婚妇女认为有必要定期进行妇科病普查(占92.0%);在普查者中,近3年内定期接受妇科检查、乳腺检查和宫颈涂片检查者分别占81.0%、51.0%和73.0%。在保健知识获取途径中,排前3位的是报刊书籍(占50.1%)、电视(占46.1%)以及同事或亲友介绍(占21.5%)。结论中山市农村已婚妇女的妇科病患病率和保健需求较高,文化程度、保健知识获取、人工流产和定期妇检是其主要影响因素,应该加强农村已婚妇女的健康教育工作,有效提高农村地区妇女健康管理的水平。

Objective To investigate the situation of gynecological disease prevalence and its influencing factors among rural married women of Zhongshan , and analyze its influencing factors for puting forward reasonable suggestions and measures .Methods 2 680 rural women were carried randomly on the questionnaire survey of a com-munity in Zhongshan , to analyze gynecological problems and health care demand and influencing factors under 50 years old married women .Results Of 51.3%rural married women suffered from gynecological disease , in which the top three were vaginitis（35.8%）, cervical disease（27.4%） and inflammation（13.9%）.Multi-variable logistic re-gression analysis showed that educational level , health care knowledge acquisition , abortion number , and regular gy-necological exams were primary influencing factors of the gynecological disease among rural married women of Zhongs -han.92.0%of rural married women think that it is necessary to do census for gynecological disease .The rate of reg-ular gynecological exams , regular breast exams and Cervical smears was 81.0%、51.0% and 73.0%, respectively. In numerous health care access to knowledge , the top three were newspapers and books （50.1%）, TV （46.1%）and colleagues or relatives and friends （21.5%）.Conclusion The rural married women had high prevalence of gyneco-logical disease ,their health care needing was also high .Educational level , health care knowledge acquisition , abor-tion number, and regular gynecological exams were the influencing factors of the gynecological disease among rural married women of Zhongshan .Effective health education , active and efficient community service should be provided to promote the health of married women .