中华绒螯蟹、鳜鱼保护区浮游动物群落特征与水质生态学评价

Zooplankton Community Characteristics and Ecological Assessment of Water Quality in Eriocheir sinensis,Siniperca chuatsi National Aquatic Germ Plasm Resources Protected Areas

为了解和监测中华绒螯蟹、鳜鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区生态系统的结构特征,为更好的建设保护区和保护区内的水生生物资源,于2013年6月在保护区内均匀设置20个采样点,对该保护区水域水质和浮游动物的群落结构进行了调查研究。结果表明：（1）水域水质处于轻度污染,但在空间上有一定的差异,有富营养化的趋势。水质综合营养状态为贫营养,定性评价为优,为Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水。（2）在中华绒螯蟹、鳜鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区共检出浮游动物4门22种,其中原生动物种类数最多,为9种,占浮游动物总种类的40.91%;轮虫种类数次之,为5种,占浮游动物总种类的22.73%;桡足类和枝角类均为4种,占浮游动物总种类的18.18%。优势种主要集中在桡足类的湖泊美丽猛水蚤（Nitocralacustris）和英勇剑水蚤（Cyclops strenuus）以及原生动物盘状匣壳虫（Centropyxisdiscoides）、半球法帽虫（Phryganellahemisphaerica）和树状聚缩虫（Zoothamniumarbuscula）。保护区浮游动物密度为6.00-16.00 ind./L,平均密度为10.65 ind./L,生物量0.35-1.98 mg/L,平均含量为0.87 mg/L。保护区水域浮游动物多样性为Ⅳ较丰富,生物多样性阀值水域水质大致处于轻污染。保护区浮游动物Shannon指数平均值为2.57,均匀度指数平均值为0.93,丰富度平均值为2.58。结果显示：中华绒螯蟹、鳜鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区各采样点水质总体较好但在空间上有一定的差异;浮游动物物种的群落多样性丰富、群体结构的较稳定。

Twenty sample sites were selected to investigate the water quality and the zooplankton community structure in the Eriocheir Sinensis Siniperca Chuatsi National Aquatic Germ Plasm Resources Protected Areas for the purpose of better construction of protected areas and protection of the aquatic biological resources at the JingJiang part of Chang Jiang River in June 2013. The results showed：（ 1） the water quality was slightly polluted,but there were some differences in space and showed a trend of eutrophication. The comprehensive nutrition status of the water quality was of poor nutrition,qualitative evaluation was excellent.（ 2） A total of 4classes including 22 species were identified,the dominated protozoanine species accounted for 40. 91%; five species of cladocer took the second place,accounting for 22. 73%; four species of rotifera and and four species of copepoda accounted for 18. 18%. The dominant species included two kinds of Cladocera（ Nitocralacustris,Cyclops strenuus） andthree kinds of Protozoa（ Centropyxisdiscoides,Phryganellahemisphaerica,Zoothamniumarbuscula）. The zooplankton density of the protected areas ranged from 6. 00- 16. 00 ind. /L,with an average of10. 65 ind. /L. The biomass ranged from 0. 35- 1. 98 mg /L,with an average of 0. 87 mg /L. The zooplankton diversity of the protected water areas was Ⅳ. The biological diversity of the water quality threshold were roughly in light pollution. The analysis results of diversity and uniformity showed that the average Shannon index,diversity index,uniformity index were 2. 57,2. 58 and 0. 93 respectively. In conclusion,the water quality of each samples had not been severely polluted in the Eriocheir sinensis,Siniperca chuatsi National Aquatic Germ Plasm Resources Protected Areas,and the zooplankton community structure diversity was abundant and stable.