明清时期东南商人社会业缘中的血缘关系

On the Kinship in Social Business Relationship of Southeastern Businessmen during Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期,随着商业经济和商人社会的发展,内部血缘层次依然是中国商人最可信任的关系,特别是在海外贸易中,有的商人家庭专为海外经营而养他人之子,把养子作为自己的商务代理。业缘关系不得不以血缘关系为中心,原因主要在于根基于血缘关系的传统伦理文化的巨大力量。在家族实业经营中,伦理文化所具有的规范力量表现在强调伦理关系、注重相互依存和规范经济行为。如此强调家族血缘伦理的重要性,首要目的当然是为了加强家族的凝聚力和"集体行动"的"控制"力。

During Ming and Qing dynasties, with the development of commercial economy and merchant community, the internal blood relationship was still the most trusted relationship among Chi- nese merchants, especially in overseas trade. Some merchant families adopted sons of other families just for the purpose of overseas business, designating them as their business agents. The reason why the business relationship had to take the blood relationship as the center is the tremendous power of traditional ethical culture deeply rooted in the kinship. In the operations of family business, the nor- malizing power of the ethical culture has manifested itself in emphasizing the ethical relationship and focusing on interdependence and the regulated economic behaviors. So much emphasis is laid on the importance of family kinship ethics; the primary purpose is of course to strengthen family cohesion and the control power for collective actions.