中国工业点源水排污许可证制度框架设计

Framework design of waste water discharge permit system for industrial pollution source in China

水排污许可证制度是点源排放的基本和综合的管理制度,是污染源的守法文件,也是政府对污染源的监管文书。按照政策设计的一般方法,借鉴发达国家和地区的经验,以保障点源的"连续达标排放"为目标设计中国工业点源水排污许可证制度框架。提出将点源按排放规模进行分类和分级,建立相应的管理机制,包括信息机制、资金机制、监督核查机制和问责处罚机制;建立注册环境管理工程师制度以满足实施排污许可证对专业人才的需求;以排污许可证制度为基础整合点源排放相关政策,提高相关政策间的协调,减少冲突,提高政策效率。

Discharge permit to the pollution sources is a ＂packaged＂ system,which play a compliance document and monitoring platform for the point source.Although China＇s permit system has been implemented for many years,but due to the lack of design,the policy did not achieve the desired effect.Experiences from the developed countries as references,combined with the domestic situation,using the general method of policy analysis,Waste Water Discharge Permit System framework for industrial pollution source is designed to promote the point source of ＂continuous compliance to discharge standards＂.Classified management of point sources are according to their external size; permit management mechanism design including information management mechanisms,financial mechanisms,supervision and accountability mechanisms; establishment of a Registered Environmental Management Engineer System to meet the implementation of the discharge permit requirements for professionals; reinforce the permit system as the core policy integration,improved coordination between the relevant policies,reduce conflicts and improve policy efficiency.